The Stroop effect and the myth of automaticity
The Stroop effect and the myth of automaticity
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03209396
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发表时间：
1997-06-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Boutilier, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Besner, D;Stolz, JA;Boutilier, C
认知界的一个普遍观点是，一旦通过广泛的练习获得了阅读等心理技能，就会自然而然地获得。对单个单词的词汇和语义分析被认为是不可控的，因为它们是无法防止的。在过去的60年里，这一假设显然得到了数百个实验的令人信服的支持。在这些实验中，熟练的读者处理了Stroop任务中不相关的单词，尽管明确指示不要这样做，即使这样做会影响颜色识别性能。这一基本效应在两个实验中得到了复制，实验还表明，相当数量的语义加工是由任务的元素局部控制的。例如，简单地给单个字母上色，而不是整个单词上色，就可以消除Stroop效应。这一结果与任何无法阻止特定过程启动的自动性描述背道而驰，但它与心理定势是绩效的强大决定因素的古老观念是一致的。
A widespread view in cognition is that once acquired through extensive practice, mental skills such as reading are automatic. Lexical and semantic analyses of single words are said to be uncontrollable in the sense that they cannot be prevented. Over the past 60 years, apparently convincing support for this assumption has come from hundreds of experiments in which skilled readers have processed an irrelevant word in the Stroop task despite explicit instructions not to, even when so doing would hurt color identification performance. This basic effect was replicated in two experiments, which also showed that a considerable amount of semantic processing is locally controlled by elements of the task. For example, simply coloring a single letter instead of the whole word eliminated the Stroop effect. This outcome flies in the face of any automaticity account in which specified processes cannot be prevented from being set in motion, but it is consistent with the venerable idea that mental set is a powerful determinant of performance.