Hydrological Cycle in the Heihe River Basin and Its Implication for Water Resource Management in Endorheic Basins
Hydrological Cycle in the Heihe River Basin and Its Implication for Water Resource Management in Endorheic Basins
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黑河流域水文循环及其对内流域水资源管理的启示
DOI：
10.1002/2017jd027889
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发表时间：
2018-01-27
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Cai, Ximing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li, Xin;Cheng, Guodong;Cai, Ximing
世界各地的内陆盆地正遭受着水和生态系统危机。为了实现可持续发展，对水文循环进行量化至关重要。然而，在气候变化和人类活动如何影响内陆河流域的水文循环方面存在知识空白。采用综合生态水文模型，结合系统观测，对中国干旱区典型内河流域黑河流域的水文循环进行了分析。从2001年到2012年，对流域不同景观、河道段和灌区的水收支进行了封闭。结果表明，气候变暖导致降水、融雪、冰川融化和径流增加，是缓解水资源短缺的有利因素。生态调水、耕地扩张、地下水过度开采等人类活动既有积极影响，也有消极影响。自然绿洲生态系统得到了相当程度的恢复，但中游地区水资源的过度利用和下游农业利用环境流加剧了水资源压力，导致地表水与地下水相互作用的不利变化，并引起了对如何公平分配水资源的关注。研究结果表明，该地区应调整水资源管理，以适应不断变化的水循环，减少耕地面积，控制地下水开采。为了促进长期利益，水资源冲突应该从广泛的社会经济角度来处理。这些发现可以为世界各地的决策者和利益相关者提供有关内源性盆地的有用信息。
Endorheic basins around the world are suffering from water and ecosystem crisis. To pursue sustainable development, quantifying the hydrological cycle is fundamentally important. However, knowledge gaps exist in how climate change and human activities influence the hydrological cycle in endorheic basins. We used an integrated ecohydrological model, in combination with systematic observations, to analyze the hydrological cycle in the Heihe River Basin, a typical endorheic basin in arid region of China. The water budget was closed for different landscapes, river channel sections, and irrigation districts of the basin from 2001 to 2012. The results showed that climate warming, which has led to greater precipitation, snowmelt, glacier melt, and runoff, is a favorable factor in alleviating water scarcity. Human activities, including ecological water diversion, cropland expansion, and groundwater overexploitation, have both positive and negative effects. The natural oasis ecosystem has been restored considerably, but the overuse of water in midstream and the use of environmental flow for agriculture in downstream have exacerbated the water stress, resulting in unfavorable changes in surface‐ground water interactions and raising concerns regarding how to fairly allocate water resources. Our results suggest that the water resource management in the region should be adjusted to adapt to a changing hydrological cycle, cropland area must be reduced, and the abstraction of groundwater must be controlled. To foster long‐term benefits, water conflicts should be handled from a broad socioeconomic perspective. The findings can provide useful information on endorheic basins to policy makers and stakeholders around the world.