A human axillary odorant is carried by apolipoprotein D.
A human axillary odorant is carried by apolipoprotein D.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.93.13.6626
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发表时间：
1996-06
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Chenhui Zeng;A. Spielman;B. Vowels;J. Leyden;K. Biemann;G. Preti;G. Preti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chenhui Zeng;A. Spielman;B. Vowels;J. Leyden;K. Biemann;G. Preti;G. Preti
人类腋窝区域气味来源的表征不仅具有商业利益，而且在生物学上也很重要，因为腋窝提取物可以改变女性月经周期的长度和时间。在男性中，已知最丰富的气味成分是 E-3-甲基-2-己烯酸 (E-3M2H)，它是由腋窝微生物从无气味的顶浆分泌物中释放出来的。最近发现，在大汗腺分泌物中，3M2H被携带到皮肤表面，与两种蛋白质结合，即大汗腺分泌气味结合蛋白1和2（ASOB1和ASOB2），表观分子质量分别为45 kDa和26 kDa。为了更好地了解腋臭的形成以及3M2H与其载体蛋白之间的结构关系，通过质谱法测定了ASOB2的氨基酸序列和糖基化模式。 ASOB2 蛋白被鉴定为载脂蛋白 D (apoD)，它是载体蛋白 alpha2mu-微球蛋白超家族的已知成员，也称为脂质运载蛋白。腋窝 apoD 的糖基化模式与报道的血浆 apoD 的糖基化模式不同，表明两种糖蛋白的表达位点不同。针对 apoD mRNA 的寡核苷酸探针与腋窝组织的原位杂交表明，合成该蛋白质的信息是顶泌腺特有的。这些结果表明人类腋窝分泌物和非人类哺乳动物气味源之间存在显着的相似性，其中脂质运载蛋白已被证明携带用于信息素通讯的气味信号。
The characterization of the source of the odor in the human axillary region is not only of commercial interest but is also important biologically because axillary extracts can alter the length and timing of the female menstrual cycle. In males, the most abundant odor component is known to be E-3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (E-3M2H), which is liberated from nonodorous apocrine secretions by axillary microorganisms. Recently, it was found that in the apocrine gland secretions, 3M2H is carried to the skin surface bound to two proteins, apocrine secretion odor-binding proteins 1 and 2 (ASOB1 and ASOB2) with apparent molecular masses of 45 kDa and 26 kDa, respectively. To better understand the formation of axillary odors and the structural relationship between 3M2H and its carrier protein, the amino acid sequence and glycosylation pattern of ASOB2 were determined by mass spectrometry. The ASOB2 protein was identified as apolipoprotein D (apoD), a known member of the alpha2mu-microglobulin superfamily of carrier proteins also known as lipocalins. The pattern of glycosylation for axillary apoD differs from that reported for plasma apoD, suggesting different sites of expression for the two glycoproteins. In situ hybridization of an oligonucleotide probe against apoD mRNA with axillary tissue demonstrates that the message for synthesis of this protein is specific to the apocrine glands. These results suggest a remarkable similarity between human axillary secretions and nonhuman mammalian odor sources, where lipocalins have been shown to carry the odoriferous signals used in pheromonal communication.