Development and standardization of screening methods for behavioral teratology.
Development and standardization of screening methods for behavioral teratology.
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行为畸胎学筛查方法的开发和标准化。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Kimmel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Buelke;C. Kimmel
据报道，围产期暴露于各种药剂后会发生行为改变。如果要检测和预防这类微妙的影响，就需要采取敏感和适当的措施，对新化合物进行前瞻性筛选。然而，文献中报告的研究使用了不同的暴露方案、产后环境条件和行为测试程序，因此难以确定哪些现有技术与筛选新药和化学品特别相关。当务之急是要确定这些技术或开发新的技术用于筛查目的，因为正在认真考虑将行为评估纳入监管指南和协议。在行为评估成为常规筛查系统的一个有意义的方面之前，必须进行大量的研究和开发。必须确定这种行为筛选的目标。程序标准化必须包括在努力确定这些方法：（1）在实验室内和实验室之间产生可重复的结果;（2）对一系列试剂产生的变化敏感;（3）预测人体效应;（4）具有成本效益。目前迫切需要确定阳性对照剂、检测的关键时期和行为功能障碍的早期指标。应研究药理学/环境挑战在揭示功能异常方面的效用，以及多重测试相互作用的可能性。由于完成这一任务所需的资源是巨大的，因此来自学术界、工业界和政府的行为畸形学家必须在这一发展的各个阶段共同努力。特别鼓励在标准化、验证和解释测试方法和结果方面的实验室间合作。
Behavioral alterations have been reported following perinatal exposures to a variety of agents. If subtle effects of this type are to be detected and prevented, sensitive and appropriate measures are needed for prospective screening of new compounds. However, studies reported in the literature have used differing exposure regimens, postnatal environmental conditions and behavioral testing procedures thus making it difficult to determine which existing techniques have particular relevance to screening new drugs and chemicals. It is imperative that such techniques be identified or new ones be developed for screening purposes, as the incorporation of behavioral evaluation into regulatory guidelines and protocols is being considered seriously. Before behavioral assessment can become a meaningful aspect of a routine screening system, considerable research and development must occur. The objectives of such a behavioral screen must be defined. Procedural standardization must be included in efforts to identify those methods which: (1) yield reproducible results within and across laboratories; (2) are sensitive to alterations produced by a range of agents; (3) are predictive of effects in man; (4) are cost-efficient. Identification of positive control agents, critical periods for testing and early indicators of behavioral dysfunction is urgently needed. The utility of pharmacologic/environmental challenges in unmasking functional abnormalities, and the possibility of multitesting interactions should be investigated. As the resources necessary to accomplish such a task are enormous, it is imperative that behavioral teratologists from academia, industry and government work together during all phases of such development. Interlaboratory cooperation in standardization, validation and interpretation of test methods and results is especially encouraged.