Toward a Theory of Drug Epidemics
Toward a Theory of Drug Epidemics
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走向毒品流行理论
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Johnston
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作者：
L. Johnston
从1960年代末到1990年代初，美国经历了一场真正引人注目的非法药物使用流行病，特别是在青少年和青年中。这是一种流行病，在某种程度上已经扩散到全球几乎所有其他角落，尽管现有的零碎流行病学数据表明，在其他任何地区，这种流行病都没有像在北美那样深入到年轻人口中（Johnston &Harrison, 1984; Smart &Murray, 1981; United Nations, 1987）。在此期间，我和我的同事杰拉尔德·巴赫曼（Jerald Bachman）和帕特里克·奥马利（Patrick O 'Malley）花了大量的职业生涯来绘制并试图理解构成这一巨大流行病的许多支流、漩涡和溪流。毕竟，它不完全是一种流行病，而是一系列流行病，涉及在社会规定的医疗或道德界限之外使用一系列广泛的精神活性物质。整个毒品流行包括各种物质的使用，如完全非法生产或拥有的药物（包括天然物质的衍生物，如大麻、古柯和鸦片，以及合成物质，如PCP和LSD）；为医疗目的而合法生产并受法律管制使用的药物（如兴奋剂、镇静剂）。镇定剂和镇痛药)；和合成物质不受法律控制，但仍用于其精神作用（包括各种吸入药物，如胶水，工业溶剂，亚硝酸盐等）。
From the late 1960s to the early 1990s America has experienced a truly dramatic epidemic of illicit drug use, among its adolescents and young adults in particular. It has been an epidemic that to some degree has diffused to practically all other comers of the globe, although what piecemeal epidemiological data are available suggest that in no other region did the epidemic penetrate the youthful population as much as it did in North America (Johnston &Harrison, 1984; Smart &Murray, 1981; United Nations, 1987). During this time, I and my colleagues, Jerald Bachman and Patrick O’Malley, have spent much of our profe&onal lives mapping and trying to understand the many tributaries, eddies, and streams that have comprised this great epidemic. It has been, after all, not exactly a single epidemic, but rather a constellation of epidemics involving the use of a broad array of psychoactive substances outside the medical@ or morally prescribed boundaries set down by society. The overall drug epidemic has been comprised of the use of substances as diverse as drugs that are totally illegal to produce or possess (these include derivatives of natural substances like cannabis, coca, and opium, as well as synthetics like PCP and LSD); drugs that are legally manufactured for medical purposes and the use of which is controlled by law (like stimulants, sedatives. tranquilizers, and analgesics); and synthetic substances not legally controlled, but that still are used for their psychoactive effects (including the various inhalant drugs like glues, industrial solvents, the nitrites, etc.).