Latent virus reactivation in astronauts on the international space station.
Latent virus reactivation in astronauts on the international space station.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41526-017-0015-y
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Pierson DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mehta SK;Laudenslager ML;Stowe RP;Crucian BE;Feiveson AH;Sams CF;Pierson DL
对23名宇航员（18名男性和5名女性）在国际空间站上进行长期（长达180天）航天飞行之前、期间和之后的潜伏性疱疹病毒再活化进行了测量。20名年龄和性别匹配的健康地面受试者作为对照组。血液，尿液和唾液样本收集之前，期间和之后的航天飞行。分析唾液中的EB病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒和单纯疱疹病毒1型。分析尿液中的巨细胞病毒。一名宇航员在三个使命阶段收集的样本中没有脱落任何目标病毒。在23名宇航员中的8名中检测到EB病毒、水痘带状疱疹病毒和巨细胞病毒的脱落。这些病毒相互独立地重新激活。与短时间（10至16天）航天飞机任务相比，EB病毒、水痘带状疱疹病毒和巨细胞病毒的重新激活在频率、持续时间和幅度（病毒拷贝数）上都有所增加。飞行期间唾液皮质醇的平均日变化曲线与飞行前相比有显著性差异（P = 0.010）。这些国际空间站机组人员在飞行前、飞行中和飞行后的时间点之间，血浆皮质醇或脱氢表雄酮浓度水平没有统计学显著差异，尽管在飞行中期和后期观察到的皮质醇水平较低。这些数据证实，进行长时间太空飞行的宇航员经历了潜伏病毒再激活增加和唾液皮质醇浓度昼夜轨迹的变化。长时间的太空飞行会增加宇航员体内潜伏疱疹病毒的重新激活，并伴随着应激激素水平的上升。这项研究表明，在国际空间站上停留60至180天的宇航员的血液，尿液和唾液样本中，EB病毒，水痘带状疱疹病毒和巨细胞病毒重新激活的频率和病毒载量甚至比以前在短期（10-16天）任务中观察到的更高。在这些长期任务中，病毒再激活的变化也与唾液皮质醇的日常轨迹变化有关。这些结果表明，微重力环境对免疫系统的影响随着暴露时间的延长而增加，并突出表明船员感染的潜在风险增加。
Reactivation of latent herpes viruses was measured in 23 astronauts (18 male and 5 female) before, during, and after long-duration (up to 180 days) spaceflight onboard the international space station . Twenty age-matched and sex-matched healthy ground-based subjects were included as a control group. Blood, urine, and saliva samples were collected before, during, and after spaceflight. Saliva was analyzed for Epstein–Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus type 1. Urine was analyzed for cytomegalovirus. One astronaut did not shed any targeted virus in samples collected during the three mission phases. Shedding of Epstein–Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus was detected in 8 of the 23 astronauts. These viruses reactivated independently of each other. Reactivation of Epstein–Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus increased in frequency, duration, and amplitude (viral copy numbers) when compared to short duration (10 to 16 days) space shuttle missions. No evidence of reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, or human herpes virus 6 was found. The mean diurnal trajectory of salivary cortisol changed significantly during flight as compared to before flight (P = 0.010). There was no statistically significant difference in levels of plasma cortisol or dehydoepiandosterone concentrations among time points before, during, and after flight for these international space station crew members, although observed cortisol levels were lower at the mid and late-flight time points. The data confirm that astronauts undertaking long-duration spaceflight experience both increased latent viral reactivation and changes in diurnal trajectory of salivary cortisol concentrations. Long-duration spaceflight increases the reactivation of latent herpes viruses in astronauts and is accompanied by a rise in stress hormone levels. This study shows that the frequency and viral loads of reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus were even greater in blood, urine, and saliva samples from astronauts staying 60 to 180 days onboard the International Space Station than has previously been observed for short-duration (10–16 days) missions. Changes in viral reactivation were also found to be associated with changes in the daily trajectory of salivary cortisol during these long-duration missions. These results indicate that the effects of the microgravity environment on the immune system are increased with prolonged exposure and highlight the potential increased risk of infection among crewmembers.