Restrictive Practices in the Marketing of Electrofax Copying Machines and Supplies
Restrictive Practices in the Marketing of Electrofax Copying Machines and Supplies
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电子传真复印机和耗材营销中的限制性做法
DOI：
10.2307/2097942
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发表时间：
1975
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Blackstone
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Blackstone
教科书中经济价格歧视的典型案例几乎无一例外地出现在像电力公司这样的垄断者身上，它可以将自己的市场分开，没有相互交换的危险，也不受潜在竞争者进入的影响。在非理想条件下的价格歧视很少被分析。然而，理解这种尝试的后果可能会增进对价格歧视过程本身的理解。此外，许多捆绑协议是变相的价格歧视企图，因此大量涉及捆绑协议的反垄断案件可能表明，企业往往试图在不控制进入的情况下进行歧视。复印机工业，特别是电传部分，提供了一个突出的例子，在没有进入控制和在许多情况下没有明确的捆绑协议的情况下，试图价格歧视。为了实现基于使用强度的价格歧视，电传公司收取相对较低的机器价格和相对较高的供应价格。我们将详细分析这一政策的后果，以说明SCM这个市场力量非常有限的公司是如何实施价格歧视政策的。
THE textbook example of economic price discrimination is almost invariably a monopolist such as an electric utility which can separate its markets, with no danger of interchange, and which is not subject to entry from potential competitors. Price discrimination under less than ideal conditions is rarely analyzed. Yet understanding the consequences of such attempts may increase comprehension of the process of price discrimination itself. Moreover, many tying agreements are disguised attempts at price discrimination, so the great number of antitrust cases involving tying agreements may indicate that firms often attempt to discriminate without controlling entry. The copying machine industry, in particular the electrofax segment, provides an outstanding example where price discrimination was attempted without control over entry and in many cases without explicit tying agreements. To achieve price discrimination on the basis of intensity of use, the electrofax firms charged relatively low machine prices and much higher relative prices for the supplies. The consequences of this policy will be analyzed in considerable detail to show how SCM, a firm with very limited market power, enforced a policy of price discrimination.