Early Estimates of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, January 2015
Early Estimates of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, January 2015
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发表时间：
2015-01
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通讯作者：
B. Flannery;J. Clippard;R. Zimmerman;M. Nowalk;M. Jackson;L. Jackson;A. Monto;J. Petrie;H. McLean;E. Belongia;M. Gaglani;L. Berman;Angie Foust;W. Sessions;Swathi Thaker;Sarah M. Spencer;A. Fry
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作者：
B. Flannery;J. Clippard;R. Zimmerman;M. Nowalk;M. Jackson;L. Jackson;A. Monto;J. Petrie;H. McLean;E. Belongia;M. Gaglani;L. Berman;Angie Foust;W. Sessions;Swathi Thaker;Sarah M. Spencer;A. Fry
在美国，建议所有年龄≥6个月的人每年接种季节性流感疫苗。自2004-05年以来的每个季节，CDC都估计了季节性流感疫苗在预防与实验室确诊流感相关的急性呼吸道疾病（ARI）方面的有效性。在这个季节，由于流感病毒的广泛、早期传播，可以对流感疫苗的有效性进行早期评估。截至2015年1月3日，46个州正在经历广泛的流感活动，主要是甲型H3 N2流感病毒。本报告根据2014年11月10日至2015年1月2日期间参加美国流感疫苗有效性网络（Flu VE）的2，321名儿童和成人的数据，对季节性流感疫苗预防实验室确认的流感病毒感染的有效性进行了初步估计。在此期间，针对实验室确认的与接受医疗护理的ARI相关的流感的总体疫苗有效性（VE）（根据研究中心、年龄、性别、人种/种族、自评健康状况和从发病至入组的天数进行调整）为23%（95%置信区间[CI] = 8%-36%）。大多数流感感染是由于A（H3 N2）病毒。这一临时VE估计值与前几个季节相比相对较低，当时流行病毒和疫苗病毒匹配良好，可能反映了超过三分之二的流行A（H3 N2）病毒与2014-15年北方半球季节性流感疫苗的A（H3 N2）疫苗组分在抗原性和遗传学上不同（漂移）的事实。这些早期的低VE估计值强调了持续流感预防和治疗措施的必要性。疾病预防控制中心继续建议接种流感疫苗，因为疫苗仍然可以预防目前流行的A（H3 N2）病毒以及其他可能在季节晚些时候流行的病毒（包括B型流感病毒）的感染。即使VE减少，疫苗接种仍然可以预防一些疾病和严重的流感相关并发症，包括数千例住院和死亡。本季节尚未接种疫苗的≥6个月的人应接种疫苗，包括本季节可能已经患有流感的人。
In the United States, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months. Each season since 2004-05, CDC has estimated the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing medically attended acute respiratory illness (ARI) associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza. This season, early estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness are possible because of widespread, early circulation of influenza viruses. By January 3, 2015, 46 states were experiencing widespread flu activity, with predominance of influenza A (H3N2) viruses. This report presents an initial estimate of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness at preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection associated with medically attended ARI based on data from 2,321 children and adults enrolled in the U.S. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (Flu VE) during November 10, 2014-January 2, 2015. During this period, overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) (adjusted for study site, age, sex, race/ethnicity, self-rated health, and days from illness onset to enrollment) against laboratory-confirmed influenza associated with medically attended ARI was 23% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8%-36%). Most influenza infections were due to A (H3N2) viruses. This interim VE estimate is relatively low compared with previous seasons when circulating viruses and vaccine viruses were well-matched and likely reflects the fact that more than two-thirds of circulating A (H3N2) viruses are antigenically and genetically different (drifted) from the A (H3N2) vaccine component of 2014-15 Northern Hemisphere seasonal influenza vaccines. These early, low VE estimates underscore the need for ongoing influenza prevention and treatment measures. CDC continues to recommend influenza vaccination because the vaccine can still prevent some infections with the currently circulating A (H3N2) viruses as well as other viruses that might circulate later in the season, including influenza B viruses. Even when VE is reduced, vaccination still prevents some illness and serious influenza-related complications, including thousands of hospitalizations and deaths. Persons aged ≥6 months who have not yet been vaccinated this season should be vaccinated, including persons who might already have been ill with influenza this season.