Performance of rural credit and factors affecting the choice of credit sources
Performance of rural credit and factors affecting the choice of credit sources
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农村信贷绩效及影响信贷来源选择的因素
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Prabhat Kumar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anjani Kumar;D. Singh;Prabhat Kumar
信贷不仅是农业的关键投入之一，而且也是农村发展的有效手段。包括合作社、区域农村银行、商业银行、非银行金融机构、自助团体在内的大量机构和广泛分布的非正规信贷网点共同构成了印度农村信贷提供系统。信贷政策的目标之一是尽量减少非机构来源的作用，主要是农业信贷流动中的放债人。自独立以来，在这方面采取了若干举措。农村信贷的一些重要里程碑是接受农村信贷调查委员会报告（1954年），主要商业银行的国有化（1969年和1980年），RRB的建立（1975年），国家农业和农村发展银行（NABARD）的建立（1982年）以及自1991年以来金融部门的持续改革（Vyas等人，2004年）。与此同时，还采取了若干措施，如建立牵头银行计划、向优先部门直接贷款、银行部门与政府发起的针对穷人的方案建立联系、差别利率计划、服务领域办法、自助银行联系方案。近年来，为增加农村部门的信贷流动，推出了Kisan信用卡计划、特别农业信贷计划和农村发展基金计划等举措。已经成立了几个委员会，以建议如何增加向农村地区提供的机构信贷。这些机构包括农村信贷专家委员会（主席V.S. Vyas）、商业银行农业信贷委员会（主席R.V. Gupta）、合作社委员会（主席Vikhe Patil）、农业信贷流动咨询委员会（主席V.S. Vyas）和振兴合作信贷机构工作队（主席A。Vaidyanathan）。政府已经接受并实施了他们的几项建议。尽管有这些努力，
Credit is not only one of the critical inputs in agriculture but is also an effective means of rural development. A large number of agencies, including co-operatives, regional rural banks (RRBs), commercial banks, non-banking financial institutions, self-help groups (SHGs) and a well-spread informal credit outlets together constitute the Indian rural credit delivery system. One of the objectives of the credit policy is to minimise the role of non-institutional sources, mainly the money-lenders in the flow of agricultural credit. Several initiatives have been taken in this regard since Independence. Some major milestones in rural credit are the acceptance of Rural Credit Survey Committee Report (1954), nationalisation of major commercial banks (1969 and 1980), establishment of RRBs (1975), establishment of National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) (1982) and the ongoing reforms in the financial sector since 1991 (Vyas et al., 2004). Simultaneously, several measures like establishment of Lead Bank Scheme, direct lending for the priority sectors, banking sector’s linkage with the Government sponsored programmes targeted at the poor, Differential Rate of Interest Scheme, the Service Area Approach, the SHGBank linkage programme were undertaken. In recent years, initiatives like Kisan Credit Card Scheme (KCCs), Special Agricultural Credit Plans, and RIDF schemes have been introduced to enhance the flow of credit to the rural sector. Several committees have been constituted to suggest ways to increase the availability of institutional credit to the rural areas. These include the Expert Committee on Rural Credit (Chairperson V.S. Vyas), Committee on Agricultural Credit through Commercial Banks (Chairperson R.V. Gupta), Committee on Co-operatives (Chairperson Vikhe Patil), Advisory Committee on Flow of Credit to Agriculture (Chairperson V.S. Vyas), and Task Force on Revival of Co-operative Credit Institutions (Chairperson A. Vaidyanathan). The government has accepted and implemented several of their suggestions. However, inspite of these efforts and