Impact of Urban Density and Building Height on Energy Use in Cities
Impact of Urban Density and Building Height on Energy Use in Cities
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DOI：
10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.142
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Resch;R. Bohne;T. Kvamsdal;Jardar Lohne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Resch;R. Bohne;T. Kvamsdal;Jardar Lohne
紧凑型城市的原因是人均能源使用量较低。然而，人们对构成城市系统能源消耗的要素之间关系的复杂性了解甚少。关于建筑高层的能源成本与建筑高层的交通和基础设施能源效益之间关系的研究很少或没有。本研究对人口密集地区的能源使用与城市密度之间的关系进行了理论评估，以帮助可持续城市的发展和土地利用规划。本文建立了一个整体参数模型，估算了城市空间供暖、建筑具体化能源、交通运输能源和道路基础设施能源的总消耗，以及这些能源与城市密度的关系。它通过改变建筑高度和与密度有关的其他城市特征来做到这一点，目的是确定与能源消耗有关的最具影响力的参数。研究了最佳建筑高度和城市密度的可能性。一个比现在的城市更密集、更高的城市结构似乎是低城市能源消耗的最佳选择。最具影响力的城市密度指标是住宅服务水平（m2/cap）和建筑设计寿命。随着人口的增加，交通能源变得越来越重要。结果表明，根据人口和建筑寿命的不同，存在7-27层的最优建筑高度。发现气候对能源结果有显著影响。这些初步发现表明了一般趋势，但需要进一步研究和发展模型以减少不确定性。
Compact cities have been attributed to lower per capita energy use. However, the complexity of relationships between the elements that constitute energy consumption in the urban system is poorly understood. Little or no research exist on the relation between energy costs of building taller, and transportation and infrastructure energy benefits of building denser. This study provides a theoretical assessment of how energy use is related to urban density in a densely populated area, to aid the development of sustainable cities and land-use planning. The paper builds a holistic parametric model to estimate the total urban energy use for space heating, embodied building energy, transportation energy, and road infrastructure energy, and how these relate to urban density. It does so by varying building height and other urban characteristics related to density, with the aim of identifying the most influential parameters with regard to energy consumption. The possibility of an optimal building height and urban density is also investigated. A much denser and taller city structure than what is normal in cities today appears to be optimal for low urban energy use. The most influential urban density indicators are found to be the dwelling service level (m2/cap) and the building design lifetime. Transportation energy becomes increasingly important with a rise in population. Results indicate that depending on population and building lifetime there exists an optimal building height in the range of 7-27 stories. Climate is found to significantly influence the energy results. These preliminary findings are indicative of general trends, but further research and development of the model are needed to reduce uncertainties.