Larval morphology of three species of Hygrobiidae (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscoidea) with phylogenetic considerations
Larval morphology of three species of Hygrobiidae (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscoidea) with phylogenetic considerations
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DOI：
10.14411/eje.2004.039
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发表时间：
2004-06
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Y. Alarie;R. Beutel;C. Watts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Alarie;R. Beutel;C. Watts
本文描述了六个现存种中的三个种的内部和外部特征，提供了一个临时的湿螨科幼虫平面图，它们是：赫曼湿螨Hygrobiahermanni（Fabricius，1775），赫曼湿螨H. wattsi Hendrich 2001和H. australasiae（Clark，1862）和系统发育解释。Hygrobiidae幼虫在形态上与所有其他已知的Adephaga有20个autapomorphies显着不同。与进食有关的结构，即，由于对小型水蠕虫和摇蚊幼虫的专门化，口器、前咽和前肠高度改变。末端腹部节的退化状况，以及股骨上存在10个祖先刚毛和一个包括水鞭毛虫科、两栖虫科和水鞭毛虫科的分支，通过存在薄而细长的尾幕臂、非常强壮的顶咽肌和下颌骨的纵向分开的内收肌腱，很好地支持了水鞭毛虫科在Dytiscoidea内的位置。高度修饰的前肠、减少的末端气门VIII和管状鳃的存在是将水囊虫幼虫与Dytiscoidea其他类群（即Amphrhizoidae、Noteridae、Dytiscidae）区分开来的特征。一个姐妹组之间的关系Hygrobiidae和Dytissporiae是由一个明显缩短和横向的前咽和大脑和suboesophaeal神经节转移到前三分之一的头部。澳大利亚种H. wattsi和H. australasiae共享存在一个钝圆下颌骨和初级孔MNd的顶端位置在I龄作为潜在的synapomorphies。
A provisional larval groundplan of the family Hygrobiidae is provided through descriptions of internal and external fea- tures of three of six extant species, Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775), H. wattsi Hendrich 2001 and H. australasiae (Clark, 1862) and phylogenetic interpretations. Hygrobiidae larvae are morphologically differing dramatically from all other known Adephaga by 20 autapomorphies. Structures involved with feeding, i.e., mouthparts, prepharynx and foregut are highly modified as a result of a specialisation on small tubificid worms and chironomid larvae. A placement of Hygrobiidae within Dytiscoidea is well supported by the reduced condition of the terminal abdominal segments, and the presence of 10 ancestral setae on femur and a clade comprising Hygrobiidae, Amphizoidae, and Dytiscidae by the presence of thin and elongate caudal tentorial arms, a very strong musculus verti- copharyngalis and a longitudinally divided adductor tendon of the mandible. A highly modified foregut, reduced terminal spiracles VIII and the presence of tubular gills are features which distinguish hygrobiid larvae from those of other groups of Dytiscoidea (i.e, Amphizoidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae). A sister-group relationship between Hygrobiidae and Dytiscidae is indicated by a distinctly shortened and transverse prepharynx and a cerebrum and suboesophaeal ganglion shifted to the anterior third of the head. Larvae of the Australian species H. wattsi and H. australasiae share the presence of a bluntly rounded mandible and an apical position of the primary pore MNd in instar I as potential synapomorphies.