Cytogenetic biodosimetry using the blood lymphocytes of astronauts
Cytogenetic biodosimetry using the blood lymphocytes of astronauts
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DOI：
10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.05.001
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Cucinotta, Francis A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
George, Kerry A.;Rhone, Jordan;Cucinotta, Francis A.
对外周血淋巴细胞进行细胞遗传学分析是目前可用于在体内评估辐射照射的生物效应的最敏感和最可靠的方法，并提供了关于辐射引起的健康风险的最翔实的测量。数据表明，几个月或更长时间的空间飞行任务可导致宇航员血液淋巴细胞中染色体损伤量的可测量的增加，这可用于估计器官剂量当量，生物剂量估计值在物理剂量估计值的预期范围内。与辐射照射的地面生物评估相比，空间生物剂量测定提出了一些独特的挑战，但数据提供了对空间辐射损害的直接测量，其中考虑到在微重力和其他压力条件等混杂因素存在的情况下个人的辐射敏感性。此外，如果染色体损伤在血液中持续多年，结果可用于回顾性剂量重建。与身体外部的物理测量相反，需要多个设备来检测所有辐射类型，所有这些辐射类型对中子的敏感性都很差，生物剂量测定是内部的，包括身体本身提供的屏蔽效应加上染色体损伤，对质子，重离子和中子表现出出色的敏感性。此外，染色体损伤反映了癌症风险，因此生物剂量学值可用于验证和开发风险评估模型，这些模型可用于描述船员遭受的健康风险。本文件介绍了宇航员生物剂量测定数据的审查，沿着最近得出的相对癌症风险的数据估计使用定量方法来自欧洲细胞遗传生物标志物和健康研究小组的数据库。(C)2013年IAA。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes is the most sensitive and reliable method currently available for in vivo assessment of the biological effects of exposure to radiation and provides the most informative measurement of radiation induced health risks. Data indicates that space missions of a few months or more can induce measureable increases in the yield of chromosome damage in the blood lymphocytes of astronauts that can be used to estimate an organ dose equivalent, and biodosimetry estimates lie within the range expected from physical dosimetry. Space biodosimetry poses some unique challenges compared to terrestrial biological assessments of radiation exposures, but data provides a direct measurement of space radiation damage, which takes into account individual radiosensitivity in the presence of confounding factors such as microgravity and other stress conditions. Moreover if chromosome damage persists in the blood for many years, results can be used for retrospective dose reconstruction. In contrast to physical measurements, which are external to body and require multiple devices to detect all radiation types all of which have poor sensitivity to neutrons, biodosimetry is internal and includes the effects of shielding provided by the body itself plus chromosome damage shows excellent sensitivity to protons, heavy ions, and neutrons. In addition, chromosome damage is reflective of cancer risk and biodosimetry values can therefore be used to validate and develop risk assessment models that can be used to characterize health risk incurred by crewmembers. The current paper presents a review of astronaut biodosimetry data, along with recently derived data on the relative cancer risk estimated using the quantitative approach derived from the European Study Group on Cytogenetic Biomarkers and Health database. (C) 2013 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.