Effects of water regime, crop residues, and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.
Effects of water regime, crop residues, and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.007
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发表时间：
2015-05
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Teng Wen;Xinqi Huang;Jinbo Zhang;T. Zhu;Lei Meng;Z. Cai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Teng Wen;Xinqi Huang;Jinbo Zhang;T. Zhu;Lei Meng;Z. Cai
生物土壤杀菌是通过淹水并配合有机改良剂防治土传病害的有效方法，但田间条件和资源有时限制了其实际应用。为制定防治香蕉枯萎病的实用指南，进行了实验室试验。枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌引起的一种广泛传播的香蕉病害。Cubense(FOC)将稻草或玉米秸秆以1.5亿吨/公顷和3.0亿吨/公顷的速度掺入FOC侵染的土壤，在30°C的淹水或饱和水(100%持水能力)条件下培养30d。结果表明，无论是稻草还是玉米秸秆，土壤中的FOC数量在培养的前15天内迅速下降了90%以上，然后一直波动到培养结束，而不加有机改良剂的单独淹水使FOC数量略有下降。秸秆还田处理的氧化还原电位迅速急剧下降(−为350 mV)，表明厌氧条件和强还原土壤条件都有助于病原菌的灭活。水饱和秸秆改良剂对FOC的降低效果相当，说明淹水不是灭活FOC不可缺少的条件。秸秆改良剂中观察到的FOC减少量在1.5至300万吨/公顷之间没有显著差异。因此，土壤与秸秆(水稻或玉米秸秆)在100%持水量下以3.0亿吨/hm2的速度还田，或在淹水条件下以1.5亿吨/hm2的速度施入土壤，可有效地缓解30℃下处理15d后由FOC引起的香蕉枯萎病。
Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controllingFusariumwilt, a widespread banana disease caused byFusarium oxysporumf. sp.cubense(FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated (100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30°C for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential (down to − 350 mV) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore, incorporating soil with straw (rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100% water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate bananaFusariumwilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30°C.