Unintended consequences: Effects of submarine cable deployment on Internet routing
Unintended consequences: Effects of submarine cable deployment on Internet routing
复制标题
意想不到的后果：海底电缆部署对互联网路由的影响
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-44081-7_13
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
claffy, k
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fanou, R;Huffaker, B;Mok, R;claffy, k
我们使用来自全球分布的互联网测量基础设施的traceroute和BGP数据来研究连接非洲和南美洲的一条值得注意的海底电缆的影响。我们利用来自RIPE Atlas和CAIDA方舟平台的存档数据，以及从战略Vantage位置进行的自定义测量，来量化这条新的南大西洋电缆部署前后端到端延迟和路径长度的差异。我们发现，在南美洲运营的AS从这种新电缆中受益匪浅，所有测量的非洲国家的延迟都有所减少。更令人惊讶的是，在切换到电缆后，到/来自世界某些地区的端到端延迟，包括通往安哥拉的非洲内部路径。我们跟踪这些意想不到的后果，以次优迂回IP路径，从非洲到欧洲，可能是北美和南美，然后通过电缆返回非洲。虽然在发展中国家，由于相邻AS之间缺乏对等连接，预计会出现一些次优问题，但我们发现了另外两个原因：（i）单个BGP网络内的域内路由问题，以及（ii）BGP邻居的次优路由/流量工程。在将我们的结果通知运营AS后，我们发现大多数次优问题随后都得到了解决。我们设计了我们的方法，以推广到其他电缆部署或中断的研究，并分享我们的代码，以促进我们工作的可重复性和扩展。
We use traceroute and BGP data from globally distributed Internet measurement infrastructures to study the impact of a noteworthy submarine cable launch connecting Africa to South America. We leverage archived data from RIPE Atlas and CAIDA Ark platforms, as well as custom measurements from strategic vantage points, to quantify the differences in end-to-end latency and path lengths before and after deployment of this new South-Atlantic cable. We find that ASes operating in South America significantly benefit from this new cable, with reduced latency to all measured African countries. More surprising is that end-to-end latency to/from some regions of the world, including intra-African paths towards Angola,increasedafter switching to the cable. We track these unintended consequences to suboptimally circuitous IP paths that traveled from Africa to Europe, possibly North America, and South America before traveling back to Africa over the cable. Although some suboptimalities are expected given the lack of peering among neighboring ASes in the developing world, we found two other causes: (i) problematic intra-domain routing within a single Angolese network, and (ii) suboptimal routing/traffic engineering by its BGP neighbors. After notifying the operating AS of our results, we found that most of these suboptimalities were subsequently resolved. We designed our method to generalize to the study of other cable deployments or outages and share our code to promote reproducibility and extension of our work.