Interactions between climate and habitat loss effects on biodiversity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Interactions between climate and habitat loss effects on biodiversity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02593.x
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Rhodes, Jonathan R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mantyka-Pringle, Chrystal S.;Martin, Tara G.;Rhodes, Jonathan R.
气候变化和栖息地丧失都是导致全球生物多样性丧失的关键威胁过程。然而，由于这两个过程背后的复杂性，人们对它们对生物种群的协同效应知之甚少。如果栖息地丧失和气候变化的综合影响大于每种威胁单独产生的影响，那么当前的保护管理策略可能效率低下，甚至在最坏的情况下毫无效果。因此，迫切需要确定气候变化和栖息地丧失之间是否存在相互作用的影响，如果存在，还要量化其影响的程度。在本文中，我们对一些研究进行了荟萃分析，这些研究量化了栖息地丧失对生物种群的影响，并检验这些影响的程度是否取决于当前的气候条件和历史气候变化率。我们查阅了过去20年中确定的1319篇关于栖息地丧失和破碎化的论文，这些论文涵盖了一系列的分类群、景观、土地利用、地理位置和气候条件。我们发现，当前气候和气候变化是决定栖息地丧失对物种密度和/或多样性负面影响的重要因素。在对物种和地理区域进行平均后，栖息地丧失和破碎化影响的最重要决定因素是当前的最高温度，过去100年的平均降水量变化则是次要因素。在最高温度较高的地区，栖息地丧失和破碎化的影响最大。相反，在平均降雨量随时间增加的地区，其影响最小。据我们所知，这是第一项对现有数据进行全球陆地分析的研究，以量化和检验当前气候、气候变化和栖息地丧失对生物种群的相互作用影响。了解气候变化与其他威胁过程之间的协同效应对于我们支持并将气候变化适应措施纳入政策制定和管理应对的能力具有关键意义。
Climate change and habitat loss are both key threatening processes driving the global loss in biodiversity. Yet little is known about their synergistic effects on biological populations due to the complexity underlying both processes. If the combined effects of habitat loss and climate change are greater than the effects of each threat individually, current conservation management strategies may be inefficient and at worst ineffective. Therefore, there is a pressing need to identify whether interacting effects between climate change and habitat loss exist and, if so, quantify the magnitude of their impact. In this article, we present a meta-analysis of studies that quantify the effect of habitat loss on biological populations and examine whether the magnitude of these effects depends on current climatic conditions and historical rates of climate change. We examined 1319 papers on habitat loss and fragmentation, identified from the past 20 years, representing a range of taxa, landscapes, land-uses, geographic locations and climatic conditions. We find that current climate and climate change are important factors determining the negative effects of habitat loss on species density and/or diversity. The most important determinant of habitat loss and fragmentation effects, averaged across species and geographic regions, was current maximum temperature, with mean precipitation change over the last 100 years of secondary importance. Habitat loss and fragmentation effects were greatest in areas with high maximum temperatures. Conversely, they were lowest in areas where average rainfall has increased over time. To our knowledge, this is the first study to conduct a global terrestrial analysis of existing data to quantify and test for interacting effects between current climate, climatic change and habitat loss on biological populations. Understanding the synergistic effects between climate change and other threatening processes has critical implications for our ability to support and incorporate climate change adaptation measures into policy development and management response.