Advances in solid-phase extraction techniques: Role of nanosorbents for the enrichment of antibiotics for analytical quantification.
Advances in solid-phase extraction techniques: Role of nanosorbents for the enrichment of antibiotics for analytical quantification.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463937
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发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. N. L. Suseela;Kasi Viswanadh Matte;A. K. Mehata;V. Priya;V. Setia;Ankit Malik;P. Gokul;J. Selvi
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. N. L. Suseela;Kasi Viswanadh Matte;A. K. Mehata;V. Priya;V. Setia;Ankit Malik;P. Gokul;J. Selvi
抗生素是治疗细菌感染的救命药物;然而，人们发现，细菌对这些令人难以置信的药物产生的耐药性是导致全球死亡率上升的主要因素。细菌中抗生素耐药性出现的根本原因是各种环境基质中存在抗生素残留。尽管抗生素以稀释的形式存在于水等环境基质中，但细菌持续暴露于这些微小水平足以产生耐药性。因此，在各种复杂的基质中识别这些微小浓度的多种抗生素将是控制它们在这些基质中处置的关键步骤。固相萃取是一种流行的、可定制的萃取技术，是根据研究人员的愿望开发的。这是一种独特的替代技术，可以单独实施，也可以在不同阶段与其他方法结合实施，因为吸附剂种类和技术众多。最初，吸附剂以其天然状态用于提取。随着时间的推移，基础吸附剂已经用纳米颗粒和多层吸附剂进行了改性，这确实有助于实现所需的提取效率。在目前的传统提取技术，如液-液萃取，蛋白质沉淀和盐析技术，固相萃取（SPE）与纳米吸附剂是最有效的，因为它们可以自动化，选择性，并可以与其他提取技术集成。本文综述了近二十年来固相萃取技术在各种基质中的抗生素检测和定量方面的应用，重点介绍了固相萃取技术在吸附剂方面的进展和发展。
Antibiotics are life-saving medications for treating bacterial infections; however it has been discovered that resistance developed by bacteria against these incredible agents is the primary contributing factor to rising global mortality rates. The fundamental cause of the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is the presence of antibiotic residues in various environmental matrices. Although antibiotics are present in diluted form in environmental matrices like water, consistent exposure of bacteria to these minute levels is enough for the resistance to develop. So, identifying these tiny concentrations of numerous antibiotics in various and complicated matrices will be a crucial step in controlling their disposal in those matrices. Solid phase extraction, a popular and customizable extraction technology, was developed according to the aspirations of the researchers. It is a unique alternative technique that could be implemented either alone or in combination with other approaches at different stages because of the multitude of sorbent varieties and techniques. Initially, sorbents are utilized for extraction in their natural state. The basic sorbent has been modified over time with nanoparticles and multilayer sorbents, which have indeed helped to accomplish the desired extraction efficiencies. Among the current traditional extraction techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction, protein precipitation, and salting out techniques, solid-phase extractions (SPE) with nanosorbents are most productive because, they can be automated, selective, and can be integrated with other extraction techniques. This review aims to provide a broad overview of advancements and developments in sorbents with a specific emphasis on the applications of SPE techniques used for antibiotic detection and quantification in various matrices in the last two decades.