Effects of short-term altitude training and tapering on left ventricular morphology in elite swimmers.
Effects of short-term altitude training and tapering on left ventricular morphology in elite swimmers.
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短期高原训练和逐渐减量对优秀游泳运动员左心室形态的影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Haykowsky;D. Smith;L. Malley;S. Norris;E. Smith
短期或长期运动训练与左心室（LV）形态适应相关，包括壁厚、腔体尺寸和估计LV质量的增加。以前评估“运动员心脏”的研究的局限性在于运动训练是在海平面进行的。自1968年夏季奥运会以来，最大限度地提高运动成绩的一种流行方法是使用高原训练（AT）作为提高海平面表现的一种手段。然而，短期AT和锥形训练对LV形态的影响尚未得到很好的研究。基于这一局限性，对15名16 - 21岁的优秀游泳运动员进行了为期3周的高强度AT（1848 m）或低水平控制训练（CT）（1050 m），随后进行为期2周的减量训练。短期AT或CT训练后两周逐渐减量训练与左室舒张腔尺寸的改变无关（AT术前53.3 +/- 2.8 mm vs术后52.6 +/- 4.3 mm; CT术前52.9 ± 3.7 mm vs术后51.2 ± 4.0 mm），室间隔壁厚度（AT术前9.6 +/- 1.0 mm vs术后9.4 +/- 1.1 mm; CT术前8.4 +/- 1.2 mm vs术后8.6 +/- 1.1 mm），估计LV质量（AT术前186.4 +/- 45.8 g vs术后190.0 +/- 48.2 g; CT术前159.1 +/- 35.8 g vs术后160.1 +/- 40.8 g）或短缩分数（AT术前36.8 +/- 3.5% vs术后34.8 +/- 2.7%; CT术前32.6 +/- 5.0% vs术后32.8 +/- 4.7%）。然而，观察到后壁厚度的主要时间效应，与训练干预无关（前8.7 +/- 1.4 mm vs后9.3 +/- 1.1 mm，P < 0.05）。因此，除了后壁厚度外，短期AT后两周逐渐减量训练似乎与LV形态或收缩功能的改变无关。
Short or long-term athletic training has been associated with left ventricular (LV) morphological adaptations, including increases in wall thickness, cavity dimension and estimated LV mass. A limitation of previous studies assessing the 'athlete heart' was that exercise training was performed at sea level. Since the 1968 Olympic summer games a popular method of maximizing athletic performance has been to use altitude training (AT) as a means of improving sea level performance. However, the effects of short term AT and taper training on LV morphology have not been well studied. Based on this limitation, the effects of three weeks of intense AT (1848 m) or low level control training (CT) (1050 m) followed by two weeks of taper training were investigated in 15 elite swimmers between 16 and 21 years of age. Short term AT or CT training followed by two weeks of taper training was not associated with alterations in LV diastolic cavity dimension (AT pre 53.3 +/- 2.8 mm versus post 52.6 +/- 4.3 mm; CT pre 52.9 +/- 3.7 mm versus post 51.2 +/- 4.0 mm), ventricular septal wall thickness (AT pre 9.6 +/- 1.0 mm versus post 9.4 +/- 1.1 mm; CT pre 8.4 +/- 1.2 mm versus post 8.6 +/- 1.1 mm), estimated LV mass (AT pre 186.4 +/- 45.8 g versus post 190.0 +/- 48.2 g; CT pre 159.1 +/- 35.8 g versus post 160.1 +/- 40.8 g) or fractional shortening (AT pre 36.8 +/- 3.5% versus post 34.8 +/- 2.7%; CT pre 32.6 +/- 5.0% versus post 32.8 +/- 4.7%). However, a main time effect, independent of training intervention, was observed for posterior wall thickness (pre 8.7 +/- 1.4 mm versus post 9.3 +/- 1.1 mm, P < 0.05). Therefore, with the exception of posterior wall thickness, short term AT followed by two weeks of taper training appears not to be associated with alterations in LV morphology or systolic function.