Coupled human and natural systems approach to wildlife research and conservation
Coupled human and natural systems approach to wildlife research and conservation
复制标题
DOI：
10.5751/es-06881-190343
复制
发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Liu, Jianguo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carter, Neil H.;Vina, Andres;Liu, Jianguo
保护野生动物，同时满足不断增长的人口的资源需求是一个重大的可持续性挑战。因此，结合社会和环境视角来理解人与野生动物之间的相互联系以及可能削弱或加强这些联系的机制至关重要。然而，缺乏这种综合信息。为了帮助填补这一信息空白，我们描述了一个综合耦合的人类和自然系统（CHANS）的方法来分析模式，原因和野生动物种群和栖息地，人口和土地利用的变化，以及它们之间的相互作用的后果。使用这种方法，我们综合研究在两个地点，中国的卧龙自然保护区和尼泊尔的奇特旺国家公园，以阐明人与两个全球濒危野生动物保护图标，大熊猫和孟加拉虎之间的关键关系。这种综合揭示了当地居民的特点，如家庭社会经济和人口，以及社区一级的属性，如资源管理组织，影响野生动物及其栖息地的复杂，甚至抵消的方式。人类对野生动物及其栖息地的影响反过来又改变了它们为这两个地点的当地居民提供的一系列生态系统服务，包括获得森林产品和文化价值。这些相互作用因人为和自然干扰而进一步复杂化。例如，在一个实施例中，内战，地震），反馈（包括政策）和远距离耦合（远距离的社会经济和环境相互作用），这些系统越来越多地将焦点系统与其他远距离系统联系起来。我们强调了使用CHANS方法进行野生动物研究和保护的几个重要意义，这不仅在中国和尼泊尔，而且在世界上许多面临类似挑战的其他地方都很有用。
Conserving wildlife while simultaneously meeting the resource needs of a growing human population is a major sustainability challenge. As such, using combined social and environmental perspectives to understand how people and wildlife are interlinked, together with the mechanisms that may weaken or strengthen those linkages, is of utmost importance. However, such integrated information is lacking. To help fill this information gap, we describe an integrated coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) approach for analyzing the patterns, causes, and consequences of changes in wildlife population and habitat, human population and land use, and their interactions. Using this approach, we synthesize research in two sites, Wolong Nature Reserve in China and Chitwan National Park in Nepal, to explicate key relationships between people and two globally endangered wildlife conservation icons, the giant panda and the Bengal tiger. This synthesis reveals that local resident characteristics such as household socioeconomics and demography, as well as community-level attributes such as resource management organizations, affect wildlife and their habitats in complex and even countervailing ways. Human impacts on wildlife and their habitats are in turn modifying the suite of ecosystem services that they provide to local residents in both sites, including access to forest products and cultural values. These interactions are further complicated by human and natural disturbance (e. g., civil wars, earthquakes), feedbacks (including policies), and telecouplings (socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances) that increasingly link the focal systems with other distant systems. We highlight several important implications of using a CHANS approach for wildlife research and conservation that is useful not only in China and Nepal but in many other places around the world facing similar challenges.