Transcription Factors That Defend Bacteria Against Reactive Oxygen Species.
Transcription Factors That Defend Bacteria Against Reactive Oxygen Species.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-micro-091014-104322
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
Imlay JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Imlay JA
细菌生活在一个充满毒性的世界中，其竞争对手会分泌过氧化氢或能产生超氧化物的氧化还原循环化合物。细菌通过激活由转录因子OxyR、PerR和SoxR控制的调节子来保护自身。OxyR和PerR分别在关键的硫醇盐或铁部分被氧化时感知过氧化物；然后它们诱导产生一系列相互重叠的蛋白质，以保护自身易受攻击的金属酶。OxyR在检测亲电化合物方面可能还发挥着额外作用。在一些非肠道细菌中，SoxR似乎控制着氧化还原循环化合物的合成与输出，而在肠道细菌中，它则保护细胞抵御同样的物质。当这些化合物氧化其铁硫簇时，SoxR会诱导产生一些蛋白质，这些蛋白质能够排除、分泌或修饰这些化合物。它还会诱导产生一些酶，保护细胞抵御此类化合物产生的超氧化物。最近的研究为这些反应的生物化学和生理学带来了新的见解，比较研究也阐明了它们的进化历程。
Bacteria live in a toxic world in which their competitors excrete hydrogen peroxide or superoxide-generating redox-cycling compounds. They protect themselves by activating regulons controlled by the OxyR, PerR, and SoxR transcription factors. OxyR and PerR sense peroxide when it oxidizes key thiolate or iron moieties, respectively; they then induce overlapping sets of proteins that defend their vulnerable metalloenzymes. An additional role for OxyR in detecting electrophilic compounds is possible. In some non-enteric bacteria SoxR appears to control the synthesis and export of redox-cycling compounds, whereas in the enteric bacteria it defends the cell against the same agents. When these compounds oxidize its iron-sulfur cluster, SoxR induces proteins that exclude, excrete, or modify them. It also induces enzymes that defend the cell against the superoxide that such compounds make. Recent work has brought new insight to the biochemistry and physiology of these responses, and comparative studies have clarified their evolutionary histories.