Covid-19 affects taste independently of smell: results from a combined chemosensory home test and online survey from a global cohort (N=10,953).
Covid-19 affects taste independently of smell: results from a combined chemosensory home test and online survey from a global cohort (N=10,953).
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Covid-19 独立于嗅觉影响味觉：化学感应家庭测试和全球队列在线调查 (N=10,953) 相结合的结果。
DOI：
10.1101/2023.01.16.23284630
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发表时间：
2023
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作者：
Nguyen,Ha;Albayay,Javier;Höchenberger,Richard;Bhutani,Surabhi;Boesveldt,Sanne;Busch,NikoA;Croijmans,Ilja;Cooper,KeilandW;deGroot,JasperHB;Farruggia,MichaelC;Fjaeldstad,AlexanderW;Hayes,JohnE;Hummel,Thomas;Joseph,PauleV;
人们经常混淆嗅觉丧失和味觉丧失，因此尚不清楚自我报告味觉丧失的患者的味觉功能降低了多少。我们预先注册的横断面研究设计包括一项12种语言的在线调查，并附有使用10种家用物品进行自我管理化学感觉测试的说明。2020年6月至2021年3月，共有10，953人参与。其中，3，356人自报COVID-19诊断阳性，602人自报阴性（分别为COVID+和COVID-）; 1，267人正在等待检测结果（COVID？）。其余患者没有报告呼吸系统疾病，并按症状分组：突然的嗅觉/味觉变化（STC，N= 4，445），除嗅觉或味觉丧失外的其他症状（OthS，N=832），以及无症状（NoS，N=416）。味觉，嗅觉，口腔刺激强度和自我评估能力的视觉模拟量表进行了评级。与NoS组相比，COVID+与味觉降低21%（95%置信区间（CI）：15-28%），嗅觉降低47%（95%-CI：37-56%），口腔刺激降低17%（95%-CI：10-25%）相关。在所有组中，嗅觉（r=0.84），味觉（r=0.68）和口腔刺激（r=0.37）的感知强度相关。我们的研究结果表明，大多数关于COVID-19味觉功能障碍的报告是真实的，而不是由于将嗅觉丧失误解为味觉丧失（即，典型的味道-风味混淆）。评估家居用品的气味和味道强度是一种有前途的，具有成本效益的筛选工具，可以补充自我报告，并有助于将味觉损失与嗅觉损失分开。然而，它并不能取代标准化的有效的心理物理测试。
People often confuse smell loss with taste loss, so it is unclear how much gustatory function is reduced in patients self-reporting taste loss. Our pre-registered cross-sectional study design included an online survey in 12 languages with instructions for self-administering chemosensory tests with ten household items. Between June 2020 and March 2021, 10,953 individuals participated. Of these, 3,356 self-reported a positive and 602 a negative COVID-19 diagnosis (COVID+ and COVID−, respectively); 1,267 were awaiting test results (COVID?). The rest reported no respiratory illness and were grouped by symptoms: sudden smell/taste changes (STC, N=4,445), other symptoms excluding smell or taste loss (OthS, N=832), and no symptoms (NoS, N=416). Taste, smell, and oral irritation intensities and self-assessed abilities were rated on visual analog scales. Compared to the NoS group, COVID+ was associated with a 21% reduction in taste (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 15–28%), 47% in smell (95%-CI: 37–56%), and 17% in oral irritation (95%-CI: 10–25%) intensity. In all groups, perceived intensity of smell (r=0.84), taste (r=0.68), and oral irritation (r=0.37) was correlated. Our findings suggest most reports of taste dysfunction with COVID-19 were genuine and not due to misinterpreting smell loss as taste loss (i.e., a classical taste-flavor confusion). Assessing smell and taste intensity of household items is a promising, cost-effective screening tool that complements self-reports and helps to disentangle taste loss from smell loss. However, it does not replace standardized validated psychophysical tests.