Knowledge supports memory retrieval through familiarity, not recollection.
Knowledge supports memory retrieval through familiarity, not recollection.
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知识通过熟悉而不是回忆来支持记忆检索。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.019
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Cabeza,Roberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang,Wei-Chun;Brashier,NadiaM;Wing,ErikA;Marsh,ElizabethJ;Cabeza,Roberto
语义记忆，或对世界的一般知识，指导学习，并支持新的情景记忆的形成和检索。行为证据表明，这种知识效应是由回忆支持的，回忆是一种更受控制的记忆提取形式，通常伴随着上下文细节，在更大程度上比熟悉度更自动的记忆提取形式，通常缺乏上下文细节。在目前的研究中，我们使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）来研究与回忆和熟悉相关的区域在检索最近的已知实例（例如，夏季奥运会每隔四年举行一次）和未知（例如，在波特酒中发现的一种存款是蜜蜂的说法。我们的研究结果揭示了一个令人惊讶的模式：已知语句的情景检索招募与熟悉相关的区域，但不是回忆。相反，对未知陈述的提取招募了与回忆相关的区域。这些数据，结合更快的反应时间为检索已知的语句比未知的语句，表明已知的语句可以成功地检索熟悉的基础上，而未知的语句检索的基础上的回忆。我们的研究结果提供了深入了解知识如何影响情景检索，并展示了神经影像学的作用，在没有明确的行为反应的情况下，提供认知过程的见解。
Semantic memory, or general knowledge of the world, guides learning and supports the formation and retrieval of new episodic memories. Behavioral evidence suggests that this knowledge effect is supported by recollection—a more controlled form of memory retrieval generally accompanied by contextual details—to a greater degree than familiarity—a more automatic form of memory retrieval generally absent of contextual details. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the role that regions associated with recollection and familiarity play in retrieving recent instances of known (e.g.,The Summer Olympic Games are held four years apart) and unknown (e.g.,A flaky deposit found in port bottles is beeswing) statements. Our results revealed a surprising pattern: Episodic retrieval of known statements recruited regions associated with familiarity, but not recollection. Instead, retrieval of unknown statements recruited regions associated with recollection. These data, in combination with quicker reaction times for the retrieval of known than unknown statements, suggest that known statements can be successfully retrieved on the basis of familiarity, whereas unknown statements were retrieved on the basis of recollection. Our results provide insight into how knowledge influences episodic retrieval and demonstrate the role of neuroimaging in providing insights into cognitive processes in the absence of explicit behavioral responses.