A direct test of the effects of protective management on abundance and yield of tropical marine resources
A direct test of the effects of protective management on abundance and yield of tropical marine resources
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保护性管理对热带海洋资源丰度和产量影响的直接检验
DOI：
10.1093/icesjms/47.1.40
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
G. Russ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Alcala;G. Russ
尽管有大量关于热带海洋资源管理的传统知识，但很少利用人工或自然实验直接检验保护性管理对海洋资源丰富程度的影响，更重要的是，对海洋资源产量的影响。本文报道了一个自然实验，使这样一个直接的测试。从1974年至1984年5月，菲律宾中部苏米隆岛约25%的潮下带珊瑚礁（珊瑚礁总面积为40米等深线= 0.5平方公里）受到保护，不受任何形式的开发。保护性管理的停止导致了整个珊瑚礁的捕捞。这导致了在以前的保护区内的鱼类的丰度显着减少，这些鱼类构成了珊瑚礁的大部分产量。单位努力渔获量（c.p.u.e.）在保护性管理停止后18个月的一年期间内测量的（1985/1986，= 0.99 kg man-1 trip-1，95%CL = 0.42）显著低于保护性管理停止前一年期间内测量的（1983/1984，= 1.98 kg man-1 trip-1，95%CL = 0.31）。1983/1984年和1985/1986年之间，尽管1983/1984年只有75%的珊瑚礁被捕捞，但Sumilon岛珊瑚礁的珊瑚鱼总产量下降了54%（从36.9公吨/平方公里下降到19.87公吨/平方公里）。从陷阱和刺网的产量（约64%的总产量）从整个珊瑚礁在1985/1986年是显着低于平均产量的非储备（75%的珊瑚礁）在三年的保护措施。同样，产量从陷阱（约45%的总产量）在1985/1986年显着低于平均产量的非储备（75%的珊瑚礁）在六年的保护措施。保护性管理使保护区内的鱼类保持了高丰度，并使保护区附近地区的渔民获得了显着更高的产量。保护期间成鱼从保护区向非保护区迁移是对这些结果最简单的解释。
Despite a vast body of traditional knowledge on management of marine resources in the tropics there are few direct tests, utilizing manipulative or natural experiments, of the effect of protective management on the abundance of marine resources and, more importantly, their yield. This paper reports on a natural experiment which makes such a direct test. Approximately 25% of the sub-tidal coral reef of Sumilon Island (total reef area to 40 m isobath = 0.5 km2) in the central Philippines was protected from all forms of exploitation from 1974 until May 1984. Cessation of protective management led to fishing of the entire coral reef. This resulted in asignificant reduction in abundance within the previously protected area of the fishes which constituted the majority of the yield from the reef. Catch per unit effort (c.p.u.e.) measured over a one-year period eighteen months after protective management ceased (1985/1986,= 0.99 kg man−1trip−1, 95% CL = 0.42) was significantly less than that measured over a one-year period before protective management ceased (1983/1984,= 1.98 kg man−1trip−1, 95% CL = 0.31). There was a decline of 54% in the total yield of reef fishes from Sumilon Island reef between 1983/1984 and 1985/1986 (from 36.9 to 19.87 metric t/km2) despite the fact that only 75% of the reef was fished in 1983/1984. The yield from traps and gill nets (approximately 64% of the total yield) from the whole reef in 1985/1986 was significantly less than the average yield of the non-reserve (75% of the reef) measured during three of the years of protection. Similarly, the yield from traps (approximately 45% of the total yield) in 1985/1986 was significantly less than the average yield of the non-reserve (75% of the reef) measured during six of the years of protection. Protective management maintained high abundances of fishes in the reserve and significantly higher yields to fishermen from areas adjacent to the reserve. Migration of adult fish from the reserve to the non-reserve area during protection is the simplest explanation of these results.