Prevalence of Workplace Violence Against Nurses Working in Hospitals: A Literature Review
Prevalence of Workplace Violence Against Nurses Working in Hospitals: A Literature Review
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DOI：
10.11648/j.ajns.20200902.19
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发表时间：
2020-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Mobaraki;Rawan A. M. Aladah;Rehaf Alahmadi;Taghreed B. Almuzini;L. Sharif
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Mobaraki;Rawan A. M. Aladah;Rehaf Alahmadi;Taghreed B. Almuzini;L. Sharif
医疗机构中记录在案的工作场所暴力（WPV）发生率的上升已成为全球医疗保健提供者，特别是护士的一个主要问题。接触这种暴力可能对护士的生理和心理健康造成严重后果。然而，以前的研究在该领域很少区分工作场所暴力的类型，其来源，以及它们对护理人员的影响。目的：本综述旨在描述WPV对医院护士的流行情况。研究方法：文献综述，基于PRISMA指南，定性，定量和混合方法设计的研究，侧重于护理WPV。通过沙特数字图书馆，使用CINAHL、MEDLINE和PubMed数据库进行文献检索。检索包括过去五年中发表的研究。使用Hawker等人（2002）开发的关键评价工具对纳入的所有研究进行了关键评价。总共有25项符合纳入标准的研究从选择过程中出现，并被纳入综述。结果如下：共有四个主题出现在文献中专门WPV对护士，即常见的环境中经历的暴力，常见的暴力类型，肇事者的特点，暴力对护士的整体影响。WPV最常见的医院环境包括急诊和精神科以及新生儿重症监护室（NICU）。WPV最普遍的形式（按普遍程度从最常见到最不常见的顺序）是言语暴力、身体暴力、心理暴力和横向暴力。WPV暴露率因世界地区而异，美国的身体暴力，性骚扰和横向虐待率最高，亚洲的心理暴力和欺凌率最高。患者和患者的家人/朋友是WPV最常见的肇事者。WPV的后果被发现包括身体和情感健康的减少，与工作不满，倦怠，缺勤和辞职的增加有关。结论：本综述建议，应在这一领域开展更多高质量的研究，使用系统的技术和标准化的工具，使跨研究的推广。此外，委员会还建议，迫切需要采取预防行动，开展多层次的教育方案，并制定立法政策，支持和保护那些报告家庭暴力的人的权利。
The rise in documented rates of workplace violence (WPV) in healthcare facilities has become a major issue for healthcare providers worldwide, particularly nurses. The exposure to such violence can result in grave consequences for the physiological and psychological well-being of nurses. However, previous studies in the field rarely differentiated between the types of workplace violence, their sources, and their impact on nursing staff. Aim: This review aims to describe the prevalence of WPV against nurses in hospitals. Methods: A literature review, based on the PRISMA guidelines, of studies of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method design that focus on nursing WPV. A literature search is conducted using CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases, via the Saudi Digital library. The search includes studies published during the last five years. All of the studies included are critically appraised using the critical appraisal tool developed by Hawker et al. (2002). In total, 25 studies matching the inclusion criteria emerge from the selection process, and are included in the review. Results: A total of four themes emerge from the literature related specifically to WPV towards nurses, namely common settings where violence is experienced, common types of violence, the characteristics of perpetrators, and the overall impact of violence on nurses. The most common hospital settings where WPV is experienced include the emergency and psychiatric departments, and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The most prevalent forms of WPV are, in order of prevalence from most common to least, verbal, physical, psychological, and horizontal violence. Rates of WPV exposure are found to vary according to world region, with the highest rates for physical violence, sexual harassment, and horizontal abuse in the United States (US), and the highest rates of psychological violence and bullying in Asia. Patients, and patients’ families/friends are the most common perpetrators of WPV. The consequences of WPV are found to include a diminished physical and emotional well-being, linked to an increase in job dissatisfaction, burnout, absenteeism, and resignation from work. Conclusion: This review recommends that more high-quality research should be conducted in this field, using systematic techniques and standardized tools that enable generalization across studies. Furthermore, it recommends that preventive action in the form of multi-level educational programmes, and legislative polices to support and protect the rights of those reporting WPV, are urgently required.