Modulating Perceptual Learning Indexed by the Face Inversion Effect: Simulating the Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Using the MKM Model
Modulating Perceptual Learning Indexed by the Face Inversion Effect: Simulating the Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Using the MKM Model
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DOI：
10.1037/xan0000358
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发表时间：
2023-07-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
McLaren, Ian P. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Civile, Ciro;McLaren, Rossy;McLaren, Ian P. L.
我们在此报告两项大型研究，调查已建立的经颅直流电刺激 (tDCS) 程序对以面部反转效应为索引的知觉学习的影响。实验 1a 和 1b (n = 128) 通过直接比较正常面孔与撒切尔化面孔混合呈现时（实验 1a）与正常面孔与棋盘混合呈现时所获得的反转效应大小（实验 1b），检查了从撒切尔化面孔到正常面孔的有害泛化。假手术/对照 tDCS 组的结果在文献中提供了第一个直接证据，表明撒切尔化面孔如何推广到正常面孔，与正常面孔呈现不显着泛化到正常面孔的刺激（例如棋盘）时相比，产生减少的反转效应。在阳极 tDCS 组中，这种效应发生了逆转，实验 1a 中正常面部记录的反转效应比实验 1b 中发现的反转效应更大。每个实验中的进一步分析证实，在撒切尔化面孔会产生有害泛化的情况下，阳极 tDCS 程序可以增强正常面孔的反转效果（实验 1a）。我们还证明了当与不能推广到正常人脸的刺激混合时，应用 tDCS 后，正常人脸的反转效应会得到标准降低。我们使用感知和联想学习的 MKM 模型根据模拟来解释我们的结果。
We report here two large studies investigating the effects of an established transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) procedure on perceptual learning as indexed by the face inversion effect. Experiments 1a and 1b (n = 128) examined the harmful generalization from Thatcherized faces to normal faces by directly comparing the size of the inversion effect for normal faces when presented intermixed with Thatcherized faces (Experiment 1a) versus that obtained when normal faces were presented intermixed with checkerboards (Experiment 1b). The results from the sham/control tDCS groups provide the first direct evidence in the literature showing how Thatcherized faces generalize onto normal ones producing a reduced inversion effect compared to when normal faces are presented with stimuli (e.g., checkerboards) that do not generalize significantly to normal faces. In the anodal tDCS groups, this effect was reversed, with a larger inversion effect recorded for normal faces in Experiment 1a versus that found in Experiment 1b. Further analyses within each experiment confirmed that the anodal tDCS procedure can enhance the inversion effect for normal faces in circumstances where harmful generalization would otherwise be produced by the Thatcherized faces (Experiment 1a). We also demonstrated our standard reduction in the inversion effect for normal faces consequent on the application of tDCS when presented intermixed with stimuli that do not generalize onto them. We interpret our results in terms of simulations using the MKM model of perceptual and associative learning.