The habitability of a stagnant-lid Earth

The habitability of a stagnant-lid Earth
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静止盖地球的宜居性

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201730728
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Breuer
Breuer
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Godolt;Stracke;Ruedas;Grenfell;Höning;Nikolaou;Breuer

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板块构造被认为是地球可居住性的基本组成部分。然而,这究竟是围绕其他恒星运行的地球天体的一个经常性特征,还是地球独有的特征,还不得而知。停滞盖可能是此类天体上最常见的构造表达。AimsTo了解停滞盖行星是否可以居住,即其表面的液态水,我们模拟了地幔的热演化,H2O和CO2的火山放气,以及由此产生的地球气候我们使用了一个参数化对流的一维模型来模拟熔体生成的演化和建立过程,在4.5 Gyr以上的H2O和CO2大气中。然后,我们采用了一维辐射对流大气模型计算的全球平均大气温度和边界的可居住区(HZ)。ResultsThe内部的演变的特点是由大量的部分熔融伴随着H2O和CO2的快速脱气的初始生产。由于水在玄武岩熔体中的高溶解度,H2O的最大分压被限制在几十巴。二氧化碳的低溶解度反而导致大部分碳被脱气,分压从1巴或更低(如果假设地幔处于还原条件)到100-200巴(氧化条件)不等。在1 Au时,所获得的温度通常允许几乎在整个演化过程中表面上存在液态水。虽然外边缘的HZ主要是由脱气CO2的量的影响,内边缘提出了一个更复杂的行为,这是依赖于两种气体的分压。ConclusionsAt 1 Au,停滞盖行星被认为是可居住的。在演化结束时的HZ的宽度,尽管受到脱气CO2的量的影响,但可以根据脱气H2O储层的程度以非单调的方式变化。我们的研究结果表明,停滞盖行星在地质时间尺度上可以宜居,并且内部演化、火山放气和伴随气候的联合建模对于强有力地描述行星的宜居性是必要的。
ContextPlate tectonics is considered a fundamental component for the habitability of the Earth. Yet whether it is a recurrent feature of terrestrial bodies orbiting other stars or unique to the Earth is unknown. The stagnant lid may rather be the most common tectonic expression on such bodies.AimsTo understand whether a stagnant-lid planet can be habitable, i.e. host liquid water at its surface, we model the thermal evolution of the mantle, volcanic outgassing of H2O and CO2, and resulting climate of an Earth-like planet lacking plate tectonics.MethodsWe used a 1D model of parameterized convection to simulate the evolution of melt generation and the build-up of an atmosphere of H2O and CO2over 4.5 Gyr. We then employed a 1D radiative-convective atmosphere model to calculate the global mean atmospheric temperature and the boundaries of the habitable zone (HZ).ResultsThe evolution of the interior is characterized by the initial production of a large amount of partial melt accompanied by a rapid outgassing of H2O and CO2. The maximal partial pressure of H2O is limited to a few tens of bars by the high solubility of water in basaltic melts. The low solubility of CO2instead causes most of the carbon to be outgassed, with partial pressures that vary from 1 bar or less if reducing conditions are assumed for the mantle to 100–200 bar for oxidizing conditions. At 1 au, the obtained temperatures generally allow for liquid water on the surface nearly over the entire evolution. While the outer edge of the HZ is mostly influenced by the amount of outgassed CO2, the inner edge presents a more complex behaviour that is dependent on the partial pressures of both gases.ConclusionsAt 1 au, the stagnant-lid planet considered would be regarded as habitable. The width of the HZ at the end of the evolution, albeit influenced by the amount of outgassed CO2, can vary in a non-monotonic way depending on the extent of the outgassed H2O reservoir. Our results suggest that stagnant-lid planets can be habitable over geological timescales and that joint modelling of interior evolution, volcanic outgassing, and accompanying climate is necessary to robustly characterize planetary habitability.
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