Keep Your Scanners Peeled: Gaze Behavior as a Measure of Automation Trust During Highly Automated Driving
Keep Your Scanners Peeled: Gaze Behavior as a Measure of Automation Trust During Highly Automated Driving
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DOI：
10.1177/0018720815625744
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Krems, Josef F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hergeth, Sebastian;Lorenz, Lutz;Krems, Josef F.
目的：在高度自动化驾驶过程中，通过注视行为测量驾驶员自动化信任的可行性通过眼动追踪进行了评估，并在驾驶模拟器研究中通过自我报告的自动化信任进行了验证。背景：其他领域的早期研究表明，驾驶员的自动化信任可能从注视行为（如监控频率）推断。在高度自动化驾驶过程中，35名参与者参加了视觉要求高的非驾驶相关任务（NDRT）的凝视行为和自我报告的自动化信任进行了评估。气质，情境，学习自动化信任与凝视behaviors.Results之间的关系进行了比较：总体而言，有一个一致的关系之间的驱动程序的自动化信任和凝视行为。报告自动化信任度较高的参与者倾向于不太频繁地监控自动化。进一步的分析表明，较高的自动化信任与NDRT期间较低的自动化监测频率相关，并且在实验会话期间信任的增加与监测频率的降低有关。我们认为：（a）目前的结果表明，司机自我报告的自动化信任和监控频率之间存在负相关关系，（B）凝视行为提供了比其他行为度量更直接的自动化信任度量，以及（c）通过进一步的细化，可以从凝视行为推断高度自动化驾驶期间的驾驶员的自动化信任。这项研究的潜在应用包括在高度自动化驾驶过程中估计驾驶员的自动化信任和依赖。
Objective: The feasibility of measuring drivers' automation trust via gaze behavior during highly automated driving was assessed with eye tracking and validated with self-reported automation trust in a driving simulator study.Background: Earlier research from other domains indicates that drivers' automation trust might be inferred from gaze behavior, such as monitoring frequency.Method: The gaze behavior and self-reported automation trust of 35 participants attending to a visually demanding non-driving-related task (NDRT) during highly automated driving was evaluated. The relationship between dispositional, situational, and learned automation trust with gaze behavior was compared.Results: Overall, there was a consistent relationship between drivers' automation trust and gaze behavior. Participants reporting higher automation trust tended to monitor the automation less frequently. Further analyses revealed that higher automation trust was associated with lower monitoring frequency of the automation during NDRTs, and an increase in trust over the experimental session was connected with a decrease in monitoring frequency.Conclusion: We suggest that (a) the current results indicate a negative relationship between drivers' self-reported automation trust and monitoring frequency, (b) gaze behavior provides a more direct measure of automation trust than other behavioral measures, and (c) with further refinement, drivers' automation trust during highly automated driving might be inferred from gaze behavior.Application: Potential applications of this research include the estimation of drivers' automation trust and reliance during highly automated driving.