Multimodal Three-Dimensional Printing for Micro-Modulation of Scaffold Stiffness Through Machine Learning
Multimodal Three-Dimensional Printing for Micro-Modulation of Scaffold Stiffness Through Machine Learning
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DOI：
10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0193
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发表时间：
2023-10-26
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Chen，Shaochen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kiratitanaporn，Wisarut;Guan，Jiaao;Chen，Shaochen
通过基于光的三维(3D)打印精确控制支架的微观结构和几何形状的能力已被广泛展示。然而，通过规定的打印参数来调节支架的力学性能仍未得到充分的探索。这项研究展示了一种新的3D打印工作流程，通过利用机器学习来创建具有精确工程刚度控制的复杂弹性支架。通过调节曝光时间、光强、印刷填充量、激光泵浦电流和印刷速度等印刷参数，制备了力学性能为49.3 ± 3.3 kPa2.8 ± 0.3 Mpa的聚癸二酸甘油酯-丙烯酸酯支架。这使得除了高分辨率支架制造之外，还可以灵活地调节空间刚度。然后，建立并验证了基于神经网络的机器学习模型，以优化打印参数，以针对两种不同的光聚合方法生成用户定义的刚性调制支架：利用基于数字光处理(DLP)的3D打印机快速制造具有数百微米级特征的刚度调制支架，并使用双光子聚合(2PP)3D打印机打印亚微米级的精细结构。设计了一种新颖的3D打印工作流程，利用基于DLP和2PP的3D打印机来创建多尺度支架，并对粗略和精细的几何特征进行精确的刚度控制。所描述的工作流程可用于制造用于各种组织工程应用的支架，特别是用于邻近组织具有不同力学性能(例如，肌肉-肌腱)的界面组织工程。
The ability to precisely control a scaffold's microstructure and geometry with light-based three-dimensional (3D) printing has been widely demonstrated. However, the modulation of scaffold's mechanical properties through prescribed printing parameters is still underexplored. This study demonstrates a novel 3D-printing workflow to create a complex, elastomeric scaffold with precision-engineered stiffness control by utilizing machine learning. Various printing parameters, including the exposure time, light intensity, printing infill, laser pump current, and printing speed were modulated to print poly (glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PGSA) scaffolds with mechanical properties ranging from 49.3 ± 3.3 kPa to 2.8 ± 0.3 MPa. This enables flexibility in spatial stiffness modulation in addition to high-resolution scaffold fabrication. Then, a neural network-based machine learning model was developed and validated to optimize printing parameters to yield scaffolds with user-defined stiffness modulation for two different vat photopolymerization methods: a digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printer was utilized to rapidly fabricate stiffness-modulated scaffolds with features on the hundreds of micron scale and a two-photon polymerization (2PP) 3D printer was utilized to print fine structures on the submicron scale. A novel 3D-printing workflow was designed to utilize both DLP-based and 2PP 3D printers to create multiscale scaffolds with precision-tuned stiffness control over both gross and fine geometric features. The described workflow can be used to fabricate scaffolds for a variety of tissue engineering applications, specifically for interfacial tissue engineering for which adjacent tissues possess heterogeneous mechanical properties (e.g., muscle–tendon).