Stem cell therapies in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
Stem cell therapies in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
复制标题
干细胞疗法治疗与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病和中风
DOI：
10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.002
复制
发表时间：
2017-03
影响因子：
13.1
通讯作者：
Cao G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang Y;Ji X;Leak RK;Chen F;Cao G
衰老是一个复杂的过程，与大脑的各种结构、功能和代谢变化有关，是神经退行性疾病和中风的重要危险因素。这些疾病具有相似的神经病理学变化，例如错误折叠蛋白质的形成、氧化应激、神经元和突触的损失、神经血管单元（NVU）功能障碍、自我修复能力降低以及运动和/或认知缺陷。除了灰质功能障碍外，白色物质的可塑性和修复能力也随着年龄的增长而下降，并促成神经退行性疾病。衰老不仅使患者更容易患上这些疾病，而且还削弱了他们的自我修复能力。此外，药物反应性低和难以耐受的副作用也是老年病防治面临的主要挑战。因此，以细胞可塑性和自我更新能力为特征的干细胞疗法可能是治疗衰老相关脑部疾病的一种有希望的策略。在这里，我们回顾了常见的病理生理变化，治疗方法，以及干细胞疗法在年龄相关性神经退行性疾病和中风中的前景和局限性。
Aging, a complex process associated with various structural, functional and metabolic changes in the brain, is an important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. These diseases share similar neuropathological changes, such as the formation of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, loss of neurons and synapses, dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU), reduction of self-repair capacity, and motor and/or cognitive deficiencies. In addition to gray matter dysfunction, the plasticity and repair capacity of white matter also decrease with aging and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Aging not only renders patients more susceptible to these disorders, but also attenuates their self-repair capabilities. In addition, low drug responsiveness and intolerable side effects are major challenges in the prevention and treatment of senile diseases. Thus, stem cell therapies—characterized by cellular plasticity and the ability to self-renew—may be a promising strategy for aging-related brain disorders. Here, we review the common pathophysiological changes, treatments, and the promises and limitations of stem cell therapies in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.