Dietary Soluble and Insoluble Fiber With or Without Enzymes Altered the Intestinal Microbiota in Weaned Pigs Challenged With Enterotoxigenic E. coli F18
Dietary Soluble and Insoluble Fiber With or Without Enzymes Altered the Intestinal Microbiota in Weaned Pigs Challenged With Enterotoxigenic E. coli F18
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2020.01110
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发表时间：
2020-05-27
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Patience, John F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li, Qingyun;Peng, Xiyu;Patience, John F.
产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）引起的断奶后腹泻给生猪生产者造成重大经济损失。本研究旨在测试以下假设：ETEC 挑战会破坏肠道微生物稳态，并且添加膳食可溶性纤维（10% 甜菜浆）或不溶性纤维（15% 玉米酒糟，含可溶物），无论是否外源糖酶，都将保护或恢复断奶猪的肠道微生物稳态。将 60 头杂交仔猪 (6.9 +/- 0.1 kg) 按体重分组，并随机分配至六种处理之一 (n = 10)，包括未激发的对照 (NC)、ETEC F18 激发的阳性对照 (PC)、不含糖酶 (SF-) 或含有糖酶 (SF+) 的 ETEC 激发的可溶性纤维，以及不含糖酶 (IF-) 或含有 ETEC 的不溶性纤维 (IF-) 激发的不溶性纤维。糖酶（IF+）。将猪单独圈养，并在断奶后第 7 天口服 ETEC 接种物或 PBS-假接种物。第 14 或 15 天收集肠内容物。对细菌 16S rRNA 的 V4 区进行扩增和测序。选择高质量的reads（总共6,671,739）并聚类成3,330个OTU。处理之间的α多样性没有观察到差异。 NC 和 PC 中的回肠微生物群在加权 PCoA 图中有适度的分离；与PC相比，SF+和IF-的微生物结构略有改变。与 NC 相比，PC 增加了回肠大肠杆菌数量（P < 0.01），而乳酸杆菌数量减少。预测 PC 猪回肠微生物群中富集的功能途径表明革兰氏阴性菌活性增强，这与大肠杆菌志贺氏菌增加一致。与 PC 相比，SF+ 倾向于减少回肠大肠杆菌志贺氏菌 (P < 0.10)。在 SF- 和 SF+ 中观察到的回肠链球菌、Turicibacter、Roseburia 和结肠普氏菌丰度高于 PC（P < 0.05）。饲喂 IF + 的猪比 PC 猪具有更多的乳酸菌和 Roseburia（P < 0.05）。与 NC 相比，ETEC 挑战减少了总挥发性脂肪酸 (VFA)（P < 0.05）。与 PC 相比，SF+ 倾向于增加（P < 0.10），SF- 显着增加（P < 0.05）结肠总 VFA。总的来说，ETEC 挑战破坏了肠道微生物稳态并损害了微生物发酵能力。可溶性纤维提高了 VFA 的产量。膳食纤维和糖酶改变微生物群组成以维持或恢复微生物稳态。
Post-weaning diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) causes significant economic losses for pig producers. This study was to test the hypotheses that an ETEC challenge disrupts intestinal microbial homeostasis and the inclusion of dietary soluble (10% sugar beet pulp) or insoluble fiber (15% corn distillers dried grains with solubles) with or without exogenous carbohydrases will protect or restore the gut microbial homeostasis in weaned pigs. Sixty crossbred piglets (6.9 +/- 0.1 kg) were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to one of six treatments (n = 10), including a non-challenged control (NC), ETEC F18-challenged positive control (PC), ETEC-challenged soluble fiber without (SF-) or with carbohydrases (SF+), and ETEC-challenged insoluble fiber without (IF-) or with carbohydrases (IF+). Pigs were housed individually and orally received either ETEC inoculum or PBS-sham inoculum on day 7 post-weaning. Intestinal contents were collected on day 14 or 15. The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced. High-quality reads (total 6,671,739) were selected and clustered into 3,330 OTUs. No differences were observed in alpha-diversity among treatments. The ileal microbiota in NC and PC had modest separation in the weighted PCoA plot; the microbial structures were slightly altered by SF+ and IF- compared with PC. The PC increased ileal Escherichia-Shigella (P < 0.01) and numerically decreased Lactobacillus compared to NC. Predicted functional pathways enriched in the ileal microbiota of PC pigs indicated enhanced activity of Gram-negative bacteria, in agreement with increased Escherichia-Shigella. The SF+ tended to decrease (P < 0.10) ileal Escherichia-Shigella compared to PC. Greater abundance of ileal Streptococcus, Turicibacter, and Roseburia and colonic Prevotella were observed in SF- and SF+ than PC (P < 0.05). Pigs fed IF + had greater Lactobacillus and Roseburia than PC pigs (P < 0.05). The ETEC challenge reduced total volatile fatty acid (VFA) compared with NC (P < 0.05). The SF+ tended to increase (P < 0.10) and SF- significantly increased (P < 0.05) colonic total VFA compared with PC. Collectively, ETEC challenge disrupted gut microbial homeostasis and impaired microbial fermentation capacity. Soluble fiber improved VFA production. Dietary fiber and carbohydrases altered microbiota composition to maintain or restore microbial homeostasis.