The vermilion gene and gynandromorphism
The vermilion gene and gynandromorphism
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朱红色基因与雌雄同体
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A. Sturtevant
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作者：
A. Sturtevant
摩根和布里奇斯（1919年，卡内基研究所。278）最近描述和讨论了大量的黑腹果蝇雌雄同形体。他们的结论是，这种动物的雌雄同体中的所有雌性部分都含有两条X染色体，而所有雄性部分都只含有一条X染色体。因此，一个特定部分的特性是由于它自己的构造，而不依赖于身体的其他部分来分化。同样的原理也适用于由X染色体携带的性连锁基因决定的性状。我最近获得的证据表明，性连锁的性格朱红形成一个例外，这一规则。雌雄同形体中的男性部分显示性连锁字符盾形，echinus，削减，石榴石，和分叉。这些男性部分包括整个头部，在其中可以确定所有五个性连锁基因的区域效应。在雌雄同体的母亲身上，只有一个基因是杂合的，它与伴性基因伊红、红宝石、分叉、“朱红致死”，也许还有朱红。已知这五个基因都存在于雌雄同体的父亲的单个X染色体中，因此这一X染色体必然存在于雌雄同体的雄性部分中。但已知父亲的X染色体也携带朱红基因，而雌雄同体的眼睛不是朱红。那么，非朱红色显然不是由眼睛色素本身的遗传构成决定的，而是由身体的其他部分决定的。我还获得了另外两个雌雄同体的标本，其中朱红似乎也以同样的方式起了反应;但这些标本并不像上面所描述的那样确定。
Morgan and Bridges (1919, Carnegie Inst. Wash. publ. 278) have recently described and discussed a large number of gynandromorphs of Drosophila melanogaster. They conclude that all female parts in gynandromorphs of this animal contain two X-chromosomes, and that all male parts contain only one X. The peculiarities of a given part are thus due to its own constitution, and are not dependent on the rest of the body for their differentiation. The same principle was found to hold for the characters determined by the sex-linked genes, which are carried by the X-chromosomes. I have recently obtained evidence indicating that the sex-linked character vermilion forms an exception to this rule. A gynandromorph was obtained in which the male parts showed the sex-linked characters scute, echinus, cut, garnet, and forked. These male parts included the whole head, in which region effects of all five of these sex-linked genes could be identified with certainty. Only one of these genes was present in the mother of the gynandromorph, which was heterozygous for the sex-linked genes eosin, ruby, forked, “vermilion lethal,” and perhaps for vermilion. All five of them were known to be present in the single X of the father of the gynandromorph, which must therefore have been the X present in the male parts of the gynandromorph itself. But the X of the father was known to carry also the gene for vermilion, and the eyes of the gynandromorph were not vermilion. The not-vermilion color was, then, apparently determined not by the genetic constitution of the eye-pigment itself, but by that of some other portion of the body. I have obtained two other gynandromorphs in which vermilion seems to have reacted in the same fashion; but these are not so certain as the case described.