Short day lengths skew prenatal sex ratios toward males in Siberian hamsters.
Short day lengths skew prenatal sex ratios toward males in Siberian hamsters.
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短日照使西伯利亚仓鼠的产前性别比例向雄性倾斜。
DOI：
10.1086/648487
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nelson,RandyJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Navara,KristenJ;Workman,JoannaL;Oberdick,John;Nelson,RandyJ
几十年来，研究人员已经记录了生产过程中的重大偏差， 在许多物种中雄性和雌性的后代。因为男性和女性 对环境挑战的敏感性不同， 不同的健身效益，它可能是有益的施加控制， 当环境条件变得具有挑战性时，后代的性别比例。一些 最严重的环境挑战是季节性的。的确， 在哺乳动物和哺乳动物中，后代性别比例的季节性变化都有记录。 和非哺乳动物物种。季节性环境因素（或因素）， 驱动性别比例的倾斜是未知的;然而，这是至关重要的， 提示是可预测的和可靠的，它不会每年变化。我们 假设光周期，温度季节变化的稳定线索， 和资源的可获得性，可能是后代性别季节性变化的基础 哺乳动物的比例。我们预测，短日照尤其如此， 预示着即将到来的冬季条件和相关的能量需求， 刺激后代性别比例的预期偏差。我们用西伯利亚语 仓鼠作为模型，因为它们对光周期有表型反应， 多达60%的雌性在冬季继续繁殖。断奶仔猪的性别 仓鼠在短时间内受孕和饲养， 明显偏向男性。此外，这些偏差发生在 出生;从妊娠雌性动物中采集的胚胎在短日内维持 条件也明显偏向男性。因此，光周期的作用如下： 一个有效的季节性线索，刺激性别比例偏向男性时，天 长度很短。
For decades, researchers have documented significant skews in the production of male versus female offspring in many species. Because males and females are differentially susceptible to environmental challenges and also represent different fitness benefits, it may be beneficial to exert control over the offspring sex ratio when environmental conditions become challenging. Some of the most dramatic environmental challenges occur on a seasonal basis. Indeed, seasonal variation in offspring sex ratios has been documented in both mammalian and nonmammalian species. The seasonal environmental factor (or factors) that drives the skews in sex ratios is unknown; however, it is essential that such a cue be predictable and reliable and that it does not vary from year to year. We hypothesized that photoperiod, a stable cue of seasonal changes in temperature and resource availability, may underlie seasonal variation in offspring sex ratios of mammals. We predicted that short day lengths in particular, which signal impending winter conditions and related energetic demands, would stimulate an anticipatory skew in the offspring sex ratio. We used Siberian hamsters as models because they are phenotypically responsive to photoperiod but up to 60% of females continue to breed during the winter. The sexes of weanling hamsters conceived and raised in short, winterlike day lengths were significantly skewed toward males. Furthermore, these skews occurred before birth; embryos collected from pregnant females maintained in short‐day conditions were also significantly male biased. Thus, photoperiod functions as an effective seasonal cue, stimulating sex ratio skews toward males when day lengths are short.