14-3-3 proteins, FHA domains and BRCT domains in the DNA damage response.
14-3-3 proteins, FHA domains and BRCT domains in the DNA damage response.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.dnarep.2009.04.004
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发表时间:
2009-09-02
期刊:
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Yaffe MB
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mohammad DH;Yaffe MB
The DNA damage response depends on the concerted activity of protein serine/threonine kinases and modular phosphoserine/threonine binding domains to relay the damage signal and recruit repair proteins. The PIKK family of protein kinases, which includes ATM/ATR/DNA-PK, preferentially phosphorylate Ser-Gln sites, while their basophilic downstream effecter kinases, Chk1/Chk2/MK2 preferentially phosphorylate hydrophobic-X-Arg-X-X-Ser/Thr-hydrophobic sites. A subset of tandem BRCT domains act as phosphopeptide binding modules that bind to ATM/ATR/DNA-PK substrates after DNA damage. Conversely, 14-3-3 proteins interact with substrates of Chk1/Chk2/MK2. FHA domains have been shown to interact with substrates of ATM/ATR/DNA-PK and CK2. In this review we consider how substrate phsophorylation together with BRCT domains, FHA domains and 14-3-3 proteins function to regulate ionizing radiation-induced nuclear foci and help to establish the G2/M checkpoint. We discuss the role of MDC1 a molecular scaffold that recruits early proteins to foci, such as NBS1 and RNF8, through distinct phosphodependent interactions. In addition, we consider the role of 14-3-3 proteins and the Chk2 FHA domain in initiating and maintaining cell cycle arrest.
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