Peacebuilding and consociational electoral engineering in bosnia and herzegovina
Peacebuilding and consociational electoral engineering in bosnia and herzegovina
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波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的建设和平和联合选举工程
DOI：
10.1080/1353331042000237300
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
R. Belloni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Belloni
选举在摆脱部族战争的社会中发挥什么作用，什么类型的机构可以作为深化和平与妥协的催化剂？虽然一些分析家认为，族裔应该通过“联合”机构得到承认，但其他人认为，“融合”手段-特别是精心制定的选举规则-可以限制甚至打破族裔的突出性，增加族裔间和解的可能性。本文探讨了战后波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那（波黑）的选举经验，认为选举有问题，建设和平的意外影响。第一，在联合制度中采用了胆怯的综合选举手段，使族裔分裂具体化，使妥协复杂化;第二，建设和平机构不必要地制造了适得其反的选举规则;第三，波黑政治制度基于群体的特点与个人人权背道而驰。文章最后提出了改进选举框架的建议。
What role do elections play in societies emerging from communal war and what type of institutions can serve as catalysts in deepening peace and compromise? While some analysts argue that ethnicity should be recognized through ‘consociational’ institutions, others maintain that ‘integrative’ devices – in particular, carefully crafted electoral rules – can limit or even break down the salience of ethnicity and increase the possibility for inter-ethnic accommodation. This article examines the post-war electoral experience of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), arguing that elections had a problematic, unintended impact on peacebuilding. First, timid integrative electoral devices were adopted in a consociational system that reifies ethnic division and complicates compromise; second, peacebuilding agencies needlessly manufactured electoral rules that backfired; third, group-based features of the BiH political system run counter to individual human rights. The article ends with suggestions for improving the electoral framework.