Innate immunity and human milk
Innate immunity and human milk
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/135.5.1308
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Newburg, DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newburg, DS
人类新生儿出生时具有不成熟和幼稚的获得性免疫系统，并且粘膜免疫的许多先天组分未完全发育。因此，人乳的先天免疫系统是发育中的肠道粘膜屏障的重要补充。哺乳期的母亲通过乳汁为婴儿提供了许多保护剂，其中越来越多的保护剂在实验室感染模型中被鉴定为乳汁分离物。这些保护剂的数量、效力和重要性可能比以前想象的要大。例如，许多有效的保护剂在牛奶中没有发现，直到消化释放出抗微生物剂，如脂肪酸和肽。α-乳白蛋白的另一种构象异构体在胃中由牛奶形成，并抑制癌细胞。人乳中的许多保护性成分抑制致病过程的不同方面，产生协同作用，其中每种成分的低得多的浓度具有保护性。一些成分具有时间和空间特异性，这将导致它们的保护作用被大多数实验室感染模型所识别。由于隔离和测试方面的技术挑战，一些保护性组件仍然没有得到充分重视。最近的报告表明，人乳含有一种高度有效的保护剂混合物，构成了先天免疫系统，母亲借此保护婴儿免受肠道疾病和其他疾病的侵害。这些人乳成分可能代表了针对人类病原体的新型治疗剂的丰富来源。
Human neonates are born with an immature and naive acquired immune system, and many of the innate components of mucosal immunity are not fully developed. Thus, the innate immune system of human milk is an important complement to the mucosal barrier of the developing gut. The nursing mother provides her infant many protective agents through milk, a growing number of which have been identified as isolates of milk in laboratory models of infection. The number, the potency, and the importance of these protective agents are probably greater than previously thought. For example, many potent protective agents are not found in milk until digestion releases antimicrobial agents such as fatty acids and peptides. An alternate conformer of a-lactalbumin forms from milk in the stomach and inhibits cancer cells. Many of the protective constituents of human milk inhibit different aspects of a pathogenic process, creating a synergy, where much lower concentrations of each component become protective. Some components have a temporal and a spatial specificity that would cause their protective role to go unrecognized by most laboratory models of infection. Some protective components had remained underappreciated because of technical challenges in their isolation and testing. Recent reports suggest that human milk contains a highly potent mixture of protective agents that constitute an innate immune system, whereby the mother protects her infant from enteric and other diseases. These human-milk components may represent a rich source of novel classes of therapeutic agents against human pathogens.