Linguistic Mistakes
Linguistic Mistakes
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语言错误
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
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通讯作者：
Indrek Reiland
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作者：
Indrek Reiland
自克里普克的《维特根斯坦论规则与私人语言》发表以来，语言哲学界就一直在激烈地争论意义和思想在某种意义上是否具有规范性。规范性之争的大多数参与者似乎都同意，有意义的表达的某些用法在语义上是正确的，但对这是否需要任何规范性意见不一。但是，如何说一个表达式的使用在语义上是正确的呢？所谓正统的概念，就是说它不会导致事实上的错误，也就是说，不会导致说错或想错。换句话说，它并没有导致一个明显的语言错误，也就是说，在误用的表达。人们很自然地认为，这两个语义正确性的标准只是关于不同的事情，不一定相互竞争。然而，这并不是普遍的看法。相反，几位信奉正统概念的哲学家认为，正确性的另一种概念是根据意义使用，这是没有任何意义的，部分原因是没有明确的语言错误案例（Whiting in Inquiry，59：219-238，2016，Wikforss in Philos Stud 102：203-226，2001）。在本文中，我发展和捍卫的想法，有一个独特的语言概念的正确性，按照意义的使用，并认为有明显的情况下，语言错误。
Ever since the publication of Kripke’s Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language, there’s been a raging debate in philosophy of language over whether meaning and thought are, in some sense, normative. Most participants in the normativity wars seem to agree that some uses of meaningful expressions are semantically correct while disagreeing over whether this entails anything normative. But what is it to say that a use of an expression is semantically correct? On the so-called orthodox construal, it is to say that it doesn’t result in a factual mistake, that is, in saying or thinking something false. On an alternative construal it is instead to say that it doesn’t result in a distinctively linguistic mistake, that is, in misusing the expression. It is natural to think that these two construals of semantic correctness are simply about different things and not necessarily in competition with each other. However, this is not the common view. Instead, several philosophers who subscribe to the orthodox construal have argued that the alternative construal of correctness as use in accordance with meaning doesn’t make any sense, partly because there are no clear cases of linguistic mistakes (Whiting in Inquiry, 59:219–238, 2016, Wikforss in Philos Stud 102:203–226, 2001). In this paper I develop and defend the idea that there’s a distinctively linguistic notion of correctness as use in accordance with meaning and argue that there are clear cases of linguistic mistakes.