Out-of-hand nut consumption is associated with improved nutrient intake and health risk markers in US children and adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004
Out-of-hand nut consumption is associated with improved nutrient intake and health risk markers in US children and adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nutres.2012.01.005
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Fulgoni, Victor L., III
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Neil, Carol E.;Keast, Debra R.;Fulgoni, Victor L., III
本研究的目的是确定食用坚果 (OOHN) 与营养摄入量、饮食质量以及心血管疾病和代谢综合征危险因素患病率之间的关系。使用了参加 1999-2004 年国家健康和营养检查调查的 2 岁以上个体（n = 24 385）的 24 小时回忆数据。人群分为 2 至 11 岁、12 至 18 岁的儿童和 19 岁以上的成人，每个组又分为 OOHN 消费者和非消费者。失控的坚果消费者被定义为每天食用 1/4 盎司或更多坚果的人。使用适当的样本权重确定平均值、标准误差和协变量调整方差分析。饮食质量通过 2005 年健康饮食指数确定。显着性设定为 P < .05。 OOHN 消费者的比例随着年龄的增长而增加：2 至 11 岁、12 至 18 岁、19 至 50 岁和 51 岁以上的消费者分别占 2.1% +/- 0.3%、2.6% +/- 0.3%、6.5% +/- 0.5% 和 9.6% +/- 0.5%。后 2 组被合并为一组 19 岁以上的消费者进行后续分析。与非消费者相比，所有年龄段的 OOHN 消费者的能量、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸、膳食纤维、铜和镁的摄入量较高，而碳水化合物、胆固醇和钠的摄入量较低。所有年龄段的 OOHN 消费者的饮食质量都较高。在 2 至 11 岁儿童中，消费者超重/肥胖的发生率较高。在 12 至 18 岁的消费者中，体重和超重百分比较低。与非消费者相比，成年消费者的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、红细胞叶酸和血清叶酸水平较高，而胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白和 C 反应蛋白水平较低。成年消费者患高血压的风险也降低了 19%，低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的风险降低了 21%。数据表明，OOHN 摄入量与改善营养摄入、饮食质量以及成人代谢综合征 2 个危险因素的患病率较低有关。作为健康饮食的一部分，健康专业人员应鼓励食用 OOHN。 (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
The purpose of this study was to determine the association of out-of-hand nut (OOHN) consumption with nutrient intake, diet quality, and the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Data from 24-hour recalls from individuals aged 2+ years (n = 24 385) participating in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. The population was divided into children aged 2 to 11, 12 to 18, and adults 19+ years, and each group was dichotomized into OOHN consumers and nonconsumers. Out-of-hand nut consumers were defined as those individuals consuming 1/4 oz of nuts or more per d. Means, standard errors, and covariate-adjusted analyses of variance were determined using appropriate sample weights. Diet quality was determined using the Healthy Eating Index-2005. Significance was set at P < .05. The percent of OOHN consumers increased with age: 2.1% +/- 0.3%, 2.6% +/- 0.3%, 6.5% +/- 0.5%, and 9.6% +/- 0.5% those aged 2 to 11, 12 to 18, 19 to 50, and 51+ years, respectively. The 2 latter groups were combined into a single group of consumers aged 19+ years for subsequent analyses. Consumers of OOHN from all age groups had higher intakes of energy, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, copper, and magnesium and lower intakes of carbohydrates, cholesterol, and sodium than did nonconsumers. Diet quality was higher in OOHN consumers of all age groups. In children aged 2 to 11 years, consumers had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity. In those aged 12 to 18 years, weight and percent overweight were lower in consumers. Adult consumers had higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, red blood cell folate, and serum folate levels and lower insulin, glycohemoglobin, and C-reactive protein levels than did nonconsumers. Adult consumers also had a 19% decreased risk of hypertension and a 21% decreased risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Data suggested that OOHN consumption was associated with improved nutrient intake, diet quality, and, in adults, a lower prevalence of 2 risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Consumption of OOHN, as part of a healthy diet, should be encouraged by health professionals. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.