Expansion embedding techniques for reversible watermarking
Expansion embedding techniques for reversible watermarking
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DOI：
10.1109/tip.2006.891046
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Rodriguez, Jeffrey J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thodi, Diljith M.;Rodriguez, Jeffrey J.
可逆水印使得能够在宿主信号中嵌入有用信息而不丢失宿主信息。Tian的差分扩展技术是一种大容量、可逆的数据嵌入方法。然而，由于需要嵌入位置图，该方法在低嵌入容量和缺乏容量控制时遭受不期望的失真。我们提出了一个直方图移位技术作为替代嵌入的位置图。所提出的技术提高了失真性能在低嵌入容量和减轻容量控制问题。我们还提出了一种可逆的数据嵌入技术，称为预测误差扩展。这种新技术比差分扩展方案更好地利用了像素邻域中固有的相关性。预测误差扩展和直方图平移联合收割机是一种有效的数据嵌入方法。对多幅标准测试图像的实验结果表明，预测误差扩展比差分扩展的最大嵌入容量提高了一倍。水印图像的质量也有显着的改善，特别是在适度的嵌入容量。
Reversible watermarking enables the embedding of useful information in a host signal without any loss of host information. Tian's difference-expansion technique is a high-capacity, reversible method for data embedding. However, the method suffers from undesirable distortion at low embedding capacities and lack of capacity control due to the need for embedding a location map. We propose a histogram shifting technique as an alternative to embedding the location map. The proposed technique improves the distortion performance at low embedding capacities and mitigates the capacity control problem. We also propose a reversible data-embedding technique called prediction-error expansion. This new technique better exploits the correlation inherent in the neighborhood of a pixel than the difference-expansion scheme. Prediction-error expansion and histogram shifting combine to form an effective method for data embedding. The experimental results for many standard test images show that prediction-error expansion doubles the maximum embedding capacity when compared to difference expansion. There is also a significant improvement in the quality of the watermarked image, especially at moderate embedding capacities.