A Comprehensive Overview on Stress Neurobiology: Basic Concepts and Clinical Implications.
A Comprehensive Overview on Stress Neurobiology: Basic Concepts and Clinical Implications.
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关于压力神经生物学的全面概述：基本概念和临床意义。
DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00127
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
de Lima Umeoka EH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Godoy LD;Rossignoli MT;Delfino-Pereira P;Garcia-Cairasco N;de Lima Umeoka EH
基于 Walter Canon 和 Hans Selye 在上个世纪的开创性历史研究，压力被认为是基础和临床神经科学研究中的一个重要问题，当时压力的概念从生物学和适应性的角度出现。该时期之后的大量研究扩展了压力领域的知识。从那时起，人们发现，对压力刺激的反应是由现在已知的压力系统精心设计和触发的，该系统整合了多种大脑结构，这些结构共同能够检测事件并将其解释为真实或潜在的威胁。然而，不同类型的压力源涉及不同的大脑网络，需要微调的功能神经解剖学处理。这种来自压力源本身的信息整合可能会导致交感-肾上腺-髓质（SAM）轴和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴（参与应激反应的两个主要组成部分）的快速激活。应激反应的复杂性不仅限于神经解剖学或 SAM 和 HPA 轴介质，而且还根据应激源暴露的时间和持续时间及其短期和/或长期后果而有所不同。识别压力的神经元回路，以及它们与介质分子随时间的相互作用至关重要，不仅对于理解生理压力反应，而且对于理解它们对心理健康的影响。
Stress is recognized as an important issue in basic and clinical neuroscience research, based upon the founding historical studies by Walter Canon and Hans Selye in the past century, when the concept of stress emerged in a biological and adaptive perspective. A lot of research after that period has expanded the knowledge in the stress field. Since then, it was discovered that the response to stressful stimuli is elaborated and triggered by the, now known, stress system, which integrates a wide diversity of brain structures that, collectively, are able to detect events and interpret them as real or potential threats. However, different types of stressors engage different brain networks, requiring a fine-tuned functional neuroanatomical processing. This integration of information from the stressor itself may result in a rapid activation of the Sympathetic-Adreno-Medullar (SAM) axis and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, the two major components involved in the stress response. The complexity of the stress response is not restricted to neuroanatomy or to SAM and HPA axes mediators, but also diverge according to timing and duration of stressor exposure, as well as its short- and/or long-term consequences. The identification of neuronal circuits of stress, as well as their interaction with mediator molecules over time is critical, not only for understanding the physiological stress responses, but also to understand their implications on mental health.