What is a green solvent?: A comprehensive framework for the environmental assessment of solvents
What is a green solvent?: A comprehensive framework for the environmental assessment of solvents
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DOI：
10.1039/b617536h
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Hungerbuehler, Konrad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Capello, Christian;Fischer, Ulrich;Hungerbuehler, Konrad
溶剂是化学工业过程环境性能的主要组成部分，也影响成本、安全和健康问题。“绿色”溶剂的概念表达了在化学生产中使用溶剂对环境影响最小化的目标。这里提出的问题是如何衡量溶剂的“绿色”程度。我们提出了一个全面的溶剂环境评估框架，涵盖化学品生产中溶剂环境性能的主要方面，以及重要的健康和安全问题。该框架将特定物质危害的评估与溶剂整个生命周期内排放和资源使用的量化相结合。所提出的框架上证明了26种有机溶剂。结果表明，简单的醇类（甲醇，乙醇）或烷烃（庚烷，己烷）是环境优选的溶剂，而使用的二氧六环，乙腈，酸，甲醛，和四氢呋喃是从环境的角度来看，是不可取的。此外，一个案例研究中，该框架适用于各种醇-水或纯醇混合物用于溶剂分解对甲氧基苯甲酰氯的评估。本案例研究的结果表明，甲醇-水或乙醇-水的混合物是环境有利的纯酒精或丙醇-水的混合物相比。这两个应用表明，所提出的框架是一个有用的工具，选择绿色溶剂或环境友好的溶剂混合物的过程中，化学工业。一旦能够克服目前缺乏数据的问题，也可利用同一框架对新的溶剂技术进行全面评估。
Solvents define a major part of the environmental performance of processes in chemical industry and also impact on cost, safety and health issues. The idea of "green'' solvents expresses the goal to minimize the environmental impact resulting from the use of solvents in chemical production. Here the question is raised of how to measure how "green'' a solvent is. We propose a comprehensive framework for the environmental assessment of solvents that covers major aspects of the environmental performance of solvents in chemical production, as well as important health and safety issues. The framework combines the assessment of substance-specific hazards with the quantification of emissions and resource use over the full life-cycle of a solvent. The proposed framework is demonstrated on 26 organic solvents. Results show that simple alcohols (methanol, ethanol) or alkanes (heptane, hexane) are environmentally preferable solvents, whereas the use of dioxane, acetonitrile, acids, formaldehyde, and tetrahydrofuran is not recommendable from an environmental perspective. Additionally, a case study is presented in which the framework is applied for the assessment of various alcohol -water or pure alcohol mixtures used for solvolysis of p-methoxybenzoyl chloride. The results of this case study indicate that methanol -water or ethanol -water mixtures are environmentally favourable compared to pure alcohol or propanol water mixtures. The two applications demonstrate that the presented framework is a useful instrument to select green solvents or environmentally sound solvent mixtures for processes in chemical industry. The same framework can also be used for a comprehensive assessment of new solvent technologies as soon as the present lack of data can be overcome.