Haematopoiesis in molluscs: A review of haemocyte development and function in gastropods, cephalopods and bivalves.
Haematopoiesis in molluscs: A review of haemocyte development and function in gastropods, cephalopods and bivalves.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dci.2015.11.010
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Hanington PC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pila EA;Sullivan JT;Wu XZ;Fang J;Rudko SP;Gordy MA;Hanington PC
造血是负责在循环和组织中产生足够数量的血细胞的过程。它是维持动物体内平衡的核心，也是防御感染的关键。虽然所有具有循环系统的动物都有造血功能，但造血活动的具体机制和最终产物却有很大差异。我们对非脊椎动物生物中这一过程的理解主要来自于那些作为发育和免疫模型的物种，而在跨越后生动物的其他生物中进行了很少的研究。随着对免疫和血细胞发育调控的研究进展，我们已经开始深入了解包括软体动物在内的更广泛动物的造血事件。20世纪初开始的对循环免疫细胞形态学特征的观察性研究，现在已经发展到对调节软体动物血细胞发育的细胞因子、生长因子、受体、信号通路和基因表达模式的机制研究。正在出现的是一幅令人难以置信的发育过程和结果多样性的图景，与在软体动物门不同类别中观察到的生物多样性相似。然而，我们对软体动物造血的了解主要来自研究最多的三个纲：腹足纲、头足纲和双壳纲。虽然这些软体动物可能具有最大的经济和医学意义，但我们的信息仅限于该门现存9个纲中的3个，这一事实突出了在这一领域进一步调查的必要性。本文对腹足类、头足类和双壳类动物中造血及其产物的定义进行了综述。
Haematopoiesis is a process that is responsible for generating sufficient numbers of blood cells in the circulation and in tissues. It is central to maintenance of homeostasis within an animal, and is critical for defense against infection. While haematopoiesis is common to all animals possessing a circulatory system, the specific mechanisms and ultimate products of haematopoietic events vary greatly. Our understanding of this process in non-vertebrate organisms is primarily derived from those species that serve as developmental and immunological models, with sparse investigations having been carried out in other organisms spanning the metazoa. As research into the regulation of immune and blood cell development advances, we have begun to gain insight into haematopoietic events in a wider array of animals, including the molluscs. What began in the early 1900’s as observational studies on the morphological characteristics of circulating immune cells has now advanced to mechanistic investigations of the cytokines, growth factors, receptors, signalling pathways, and patterns of gene expression that regulate molluscan haemocyte development. Emerging is a picture of an incredible diversity of developmental processes and outcomes that parallels the biological diversity observed within the different classes of the phylum Mollusca. However, our understanding of haematopoiesis in molluscs stems primarily from the three most-studied classes, the Gastropoda, Cephalopoda and Bivalvia. While these represent perhaps the molluscs of greatest economic and medical importance, the fact that our information is limited to only 3 of the 9 extant classes in the phylum highlights the need for further investigation in this area. In this review, we summarize the existing literature that defines haematopoiesis and its products in gastropods, cephalopods and bivalves.