AIR-POLLUTION AND HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO - THE ACID SUMMER HAZE EFFECT
AIR-POLLUTION AND HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO - THE ACID SUMMER HAZE EFFECT
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DOI：
10.1016/s0013-9351(87)80032-4
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发表时间：
1987-08-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
SIZTO, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BATES, DV;SIZTO, R
对安大略省南部温莎和彼得伯勒之间 17 个采样站 1974 年和 1976 年至 1983 年 1 月、2 月、7 月和 8 月的空气污染数据进行了分析。每个站使用玻璃纤维过滤器每小时报告一次 O3、NO3、SO2 和雾霾系数 (COH)，并每六天报告 24 小时内的气溶胶硫酸盐。还记录了该地区日平均温度和相对湿度的数据。结果表明，不同污染物之间以及与夏季气温之间存在高度相关性。在夏季，硫酸盐水平与相对湿度显着相关。冬季，COH 和 NO2 之间的相关性最高。 9年来，冬季和夏季二氧化硫浓度均大幅下降； O3、NO3 或 COH 数据没有显着趋势。 1976 年至 1980 年间，夏季和冬季气溶胶硫酸盐均有所增加，此后略有下降。为该地区服务的 79 家急症护理医院（约有 590 万人）的入院数据已按每日同年同月进行分析。在此期间，入院总人数和呼吸系统总入院人数下降了约 15%，但哮喘入院人数似乎有所增加。由于 1979 年 ICD 编码变化的影响，入院的哮喘类别变得复杂。研究表明，一方面，O3、SO4、SO2 和温度之间存在显着相关性，另一方面，与一周中某一天、该季节、该年的平均呼吸入院人数存在偏差。如果哮喘被排除在诊断之外，这些相关性就存在。在冬季，哮喘入院率仅与温度相关。一组非呼吸系统疾病与冬季或夏季的空气污染物没有相关性。基于每年单独考虑的逐步多元回归分析表明，夏季 SO4 和温度约占呼吸系统或哮喘入院人数方差的 5%。结果表明，每小时臭氧最大值的平均值与臭氧最大 8 小时平均值具有高度相关性，并且使用该指数代替每小时最大值的平均值不会增加与呼吸系统疾病的相关系数。另一项分析是将医院和采样站分为九个不同的区域。尽管在高臭氧日和低臭氧日之间、同一周的同一天、同一季节、同一年中呼吸道入院情况可能存在差异，但这一程序似乎并未加强与呼吸道疾病的关系。最近的观察表明，夏季该地区存在小粒径 H+ 气溶胶的异常峰值，同时 O3 和 SO4 水平升高。这一发现与入院数据相关的意义尚未确定。
Air pollution data from 17 sampling stations between Windsor and Peterborough in Southern Ontario, for January, February, July, and August in 1974 and 1976 to 1983, have been analyzed. Each station reported O3, NO3, SO2, and the coefficient of haze (COH) every hour and aerosol sulfates for a 24-hr period every sixth day using glass-fiber filters. Data on mean daily temperature and relative humidity for the region were also recorded. It is shown that there are high correlations between different pollutants and between these and temperature in the summer. In the summer, sulfate levels were significantly correlated with relative humidity. In winter, the highest correlation was between COH and NO2. Over the 9-year period, SO2 levels in both winter and summer have fallen considerably; there have been no significant trends in O3, NO3, or COH data. Aerosol sulfates increased between 1976 and 1980 in both summer and winter and have since declined slightly. Hospital admission data for the 79 acute care hospitals serving the region, which contains about 5.9 million people, have been analyzed on a daily basis for the same months of the same years. Total admissions and total respiratory admissions have declined about 15% over the period, but asthma admissions appear to have risen. The asthma category of admissions is complicated by the effects of a change in ICD coding in 1979. It has been shown that significant correlations exist between O3, SO4, SO2, and temperature, on the one hand, and deviations from the mean respiratory admissions for that day of the week, for that season, for that year, on the other. These correlations exist if asthma is excluded from the diagnoses. In winter, asthma admissions are correlated with temperature only. A group of nonrespiratory conditions showed no correlations with air pollutants in winter or summer. Stepwise multiple regression analysis based on each year considered individually indicates that in summer SO4 and temperature account for about 5% of the variance in respiratory or asthma admissions. It is shown that the mean of the hourly ozone maxima has a high correlation with the maximal 8-hr average for ozone, and that using this index instead of the mean of the hourly maxima does not increase the correlation coefficient with respiratory disease. Another analysis has been performed by grouping the hospitals and sampling stations into nine separate regions. Although a difference in respiratory admissions can be shown between high- and low-ozone days, on the same day of the week, in the same season, in the same year, the relationship to respiratory disease does not appear to have been strengthened by this procedure. Recent observations have suggested the presence of unusual peaks of H+ aerosol of small particle size in this region in the summer, concomitant with elevated O3 and SO4 levels. The significance of this finding in relation to the hospital admission data is not yet established.