Dissociation of spatial information for stimulus localization and the control of attention.
Dissociation of spatial information for stimulus localization and the control of attention.
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空间信息的分离用于刺激定位和注意力控制。
DOI：
10.1093/brain/104.4.861
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Gazzaniga
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. D. Holtzman;J. Sidtis;Bruce T. Volpe;Donald H. Wilson;M. Gazzaniga
在人类胼胝体的完整中线切片（一种用于控制癫痫的外科手术）后的行为显示，每个视觉半视野内的感觉能力完好无损，但无法对视觉中线两侧的刺激进行明确的视野间比较（Gazzaniga，1970; Gazzaniga和LeDoux，1978）。这是因为到视皮层17区和18区的膝状-纹状体感觉投射几乎完全代表对侧视觉半视野：同侧的感觉投射仅通过两半球之间的相互连接间接提供，通过胼胝体切片后孤立大脑半球中同侧感觉投射的丧失不是视觉模态所特有的;关于听觉刺激（Springer，Sidtis，Wilson和Gazzaniga，1978）和触觉刺激（Gazzaniga，Bogen和Sperry，1963）也注意到类似的发现。尽管有这些严重的感觉中断，视觉运动行为的相应中断不太明显。Commissurotomy患者直接在环境中的行动几乎没有明显的困难或犹豫：他们能够走路，跑步，避开障碍物，并在一个例子中，操作摩托车。虽然这种行为的协调大部分是皮层下的（Grillner，1975; Shik和Orlovski，1976），但定向行为的特定目标的选择取决于内部表征，因此可能需要皮层参与。如果分离的两个半球争夺对行为的控制权，那么我们就可以预见有机体处于一种持续的反应竞争状态。另一方面，由优势半球控制行为预示着一种单方面忽视的状态。虽然这两种状态都可以在实验室中引出，但在正常环境中也不是规则。为了解释协调的视觉运动行为的完整性，有人建议，虽然视觉信息不转移之间的地区subserving明确的刺激识别，整合可能会发生在整个视觉中线的选择性视觉注意力的控制。通过为com-missurotomy患者提供选择特定目标的双侧视觉信息，这种整合可以解释为什么没有单侧忽视和两个半球之间控制定向行为的持续竞争。下面报告的两项研究提供了证据，证明在胼胝体手术后，视觉世界的双侧表征可用于分配注意力能力，并且可以区分用于控制注意力的空间信息和用于外显刺激定位的空间信息。实验1. Intra and Inter field.
BEHAVIOUR following complete midline section of the corpus callosum in humans, a surgical procedure preformed for the control of epilepsy, reveals intact sensory capacities within each visual half-field, but an inability to perform explicit interfield comparisons of stimuli presented on both sides of the visual midline (Gazzaniga, 1970; Gazzaniga and LeDoux, 1978). This occurs because the geniculo-striate sensory projections to areas 17 and 18 of visual cortex are almost exclusively representative of the contralateral visual half-field: ipsilateral representation is provided only indirectly through interconnections between the hemispheres via the Loss of ipsilateral sensory representation in the isolated cerebral hemisphere following callosal section is not unique to the visual modality; analogous findings have been noted as well with regard to auditory (Springer, Sidtis, Wilson and Gazzaniga, 1978) and tactile stimulation (Gazzaniga, Bogen and Sperry, 1963). Despite these severe sensory disconnections, corresponding disruptions of visual-motor behaviour are less evident. Commissurotomy patients direct action within the environment with little overt difficulty or hesitation: they are able to walk, run, avoid obstacles, and, in one instance, operate a motorcycle. While much of the coordination of such behaviour is subcortical (Grillner, 1975; Shik and Orlovski, 1976), the selection of specific goals for directed behaviour depends on internal representations and therefore, presumably, requires cortical involvement. If the separated hemispheres vied for the control of behaviour, one would anticipate an organism in a state of constant response competition. On the other hand, control of behaviour by a dominant hemisphere would predict a state of unilateral neglect. While either state can be elicited in the laboratory, neither is the rule in the normal environment. To explain the integrity of coordinated visual-motor behaviour, it was suggested that, although visual information is not transferred between areas subserving explicit stimulus identification, integration may occur across the visual midline for the control of selective visual attention. By providing the com-missurotomy patient with bilateral visual information for the selection of specific goals, such integration could account for the absence of both unilateral neglect and constant competition between the hemispheres for the control of directed behaviour. The two studies reported below provided evidence that following callosal surgery, a bilateral representation of the visual world is available for the allocation of attentional capacities, and that a distinction can be made between spatial information as it is used for the control of attention and that used for explicit stimulus localization. Experiment 1. Intra and Inter field …
阶段性胼胝体切片后的认知交互：语义激活转移的证据。
DOI：
10.1126/science.6782673
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Sidtis,JJ;Volpe,BT;Holtzman,JD;Wilson,DH;Gazzaniga,MS
通讯作者：
Gazzaniga,MS