Hippocampal neurogenesis: a biomarker for depression or antidepressant effects? Methodological considerations and perspectives for future research
Hippocampal neurogenesis: a biomarker for depression or antidepressant effects? Methodological considerations and perspectives for future research
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DOI：
10.1007/s00441-013-1612-z
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
A. Tanti;C. Belzung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Tanti;C. Belzung
抑郁症的动物模型与成年海马神经发生减少有关，而抗抑郁治疗，包括药物治疗和电休克治疗，具有相反的作用，因为它们刺激细胞增殖和新生齿状回神经元的存活和成熟。虽然这些新细胞的缺乏与抑郁症没有因果关系，因为它们的缺乏不会引发抑郁发作，但它们的丧失已被证明与慢性单胺类抗抑郁药达到缓解的能力有因果关系。然而，海马神经发生的刺激是如何引起抑郁样发作后的恢复的，这一过程尚不清楚。公认的观点是，海马体新生神经元整合到海马体网络中，从而参与海马体的认知功能，这对缓解至关重要。海马体与许多这类功能有关，包括空间导航、模式分离、新上下文信息的编码、情绪行为和对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的控制。本综述旨在讨论这些功能，并试图确定成功治疗后新生细胞参与缓解的过程。最后，为更好地理解这些机制提出了未来的发展方向。
Whereas animal models of depression are associated with decreased adult hippocampal neurogenesis, antidepressant treatments, including pharmacotherapy but also electroconvulsive therapy, have the opposite action, as they stimulate cell proliferation and the survival and maturation of newborn dentate gyrus neurons. Although the lack of these new cells is not causally involved in depression, as their absence does not trigger a depressive-episodeper se, their loss has been shown to be causally involved in the ability of chronic monoaminergic antidepressants to achieve remission. However, the process by which the stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis can elicit recovery after a depressive-like episode is poorly understood. The accepted view is that hippocampal newborn neurons integrate into the hippocampal network and thus participate in hippocampal cognitive functions crucial for remission. The hippocampus is associated with a wide range of such functions, including spatial navigation, pattern separation, encoding of new contextual information, emotional behavior and control over the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The present review aims at discussing each of these functions and tries to identify the process by which newborn cells participate in remission after successful therapy. Finally, future directions are proposed for a better understanding of these mechanisms.