Improving field success of biocrust rehabilitation materials: hardening the organisms or softening the environment?
Improving field success of biocrust rehabilitation materials: hardening the organisms or softening the environment?
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DOI：
10.1111/rec.12965
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发表时间：
2019-07-19
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Chuckran, Peter F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowker, Matthew A.;Antoninka, Anita J.;Chuckran, Peter F.
旱地是一个广泛退化的生物群落，其特点是生产力低，非生物压力大。生物土壤结皮（生物结皮）接种剂有望成为旱地的一种恢复材料，有助于促进生态系统功能，包括稳定受侵蚀的土壤表面。然而，由人类非原位培养的生物结壳材料在田间条件下的建立并不一致。我们测试了两种方法，旨在提高现场建立的生物锈菌接种物：暴露在接种物内的生物体的非生物胁迫，试图使它们变硬，并施加栖息地改善旨在减少环境的压力。我们假设，这两种方法在音乐会上将导致最一致的领域建立的生物结壳。总体而言，在1.5年的研究期间，生物结壳接种物的添加确实增强了生物结壳的建立，但并未导致完全恢复。一般来说，硬化的生物结壳接种物的表现并不比接种物，没有硬化，虽然一个指标（叶绿素a）增强了硬化接种物在某些情况下。临时灌溉最初是一种有效的栖息地改善，但没有影响生物结壳建立1.5年。相比之下，在土壤表面施用黄麻网无论是在添加接种物的协同作用下还是在不添加接种物的情况下，都促进了生物结皮的建立。我们假设，黄麻网稳定土壤表面，减少非生物胁迫，提高资源的可用性，克服障碍，建立生物结壳。目前，有广泛的支持栖息地改善的方法在生物结壳恢复的功效，但有效的硬化技术仍然难以捉摸。
Drylands are a widely degraded biome characterized by low productivity and high abiotic stress. Biological soil crust (biocrust) inoculants hold promise as a rehabilitation material in drylands, useful for boosting ecosystem functions including stabilization of eroding soil surfaces. However, biocrust materials cultivated ex situ by humans inconsistently establish under field conditions. We tested two approaches aimed at improving field establishment of biocrust inoculum: exposing the organisms within the inoculum to abiotic stress in an attempt to harden them, and applying habitat ameliorations intended to reduce the stressfulness of the environment. We hypothesized that both approaches in concert would lead to the most consistent field establishment of biocrusts. Overall, addition of biocrust inoculum did enhance biocrust establishment over the 1.5-year duration of the study but did not result in full recovery. Generally, hardened biocrust inoculum performed no better than inoculum that was not hardened, although one indicator (chlorophyll a) was enhanced by addition of hardened inoculum in some circumstances. Temporary irrigation was initially an effective habitat amelioration but had no effect on biocrust establishment by 1.5 years. In contrast, application of jute net to the soil surface promoted biocrust establishment both in synergy with and in the absence of inoculum addition. We hypothesize that jute net stabilizes the soil surface, reduces abiotic stress, and enhances resource availability, overcoming barriers to establishment of biocrusts. Currently, there is broad support for the efficacy of habitat amelioration approaches in biocrust rehabilitation, but effective hardening techniques remain elusive.