Pathobiology of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer.
Pathobiology of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer.
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DOI：
10.1053/j.gastro.2015.09.004
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Peek RM Jr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amieva M;Peek RM Jr
幽门螺杆菌在人类胃中的定植及其在导致胃癌中的作用是人类细胞，微生物及其环境之间复杂关系的最丰富的例子之一。鉴于胃癌在全球范围内的发病率和致死率，这也是一个具有巨大医学意义的难题。我们回顾了最近的发现，改变了我们如何看待这些关系，并影响了胃癌研究的方向。例如，最近的数据表明，宿主和微生物遗传特征之间的细微错配极大地影响了胃癌的风险。幽门螺杆菌及其癌蛋白CagA重编程上皮细胞和激活干细胞特性的能力证明了幽门螺杆菌与胃粘膜祖细胞之间的复杂关系。细胞相关的幽门螺杆菌可以定殖胃腺并直接影响前体细胞和干细胞的观察结果支持了这些观察结果。在人类胃类器官培养物以及动物模型中模拟这些相互作用的能力将使研究人员能够更充分地揭示幽门螺杆菌对更新胃上皮的控制程度。最后，我们认识到，外部环境因素，如饮食成分和必需微量营养素，以及胃肠道微生物群，可以改变幽门螺杆菌的活动之间的平衡作为一种病原体或病原体提供了方向，旨在确定这种生物体的全部致癌潜力的研究。
Colonization of the human stomach by Helicobacter pylori and its role in causing gastric cancer is one of the richest examples of complex relationship among human cells, microbes, and their environment. It is also a puzzle of enormous medical importance given the incidence and lethality of gastric cancer worldwide. We review recent findings that have changed how we view these relationships and affected the direction of gastric cancer research. For example, recent data indicate that subtle mismatches between host and microbe genetic traits greatly affect risk of gastric cancer. The ability of H pylori and its oncoprotein CagA to reprogram epithelial cells and activate properties of stemness demonstrates the sophisticated relationship among H pylori and progenitor cells in the gastric mucosa. The observation that cell-associated H pylori can colonize the gastric glands and directly affect precursor and stem cells supports these observations. The ability to mimic these interactions in human gastric organoid cultures as well as animal models will allow investigators to more fully unravel the extent of H pylori control on the renewing gastric epithelium. Finally, our realization that external environmental factors, such as dietary components and essential micronutrients, as well as the gastrointestinal microbiota, can change the balance between H pylori’s activity as a commensal or a pathogen has provided direction to studies aimed at defining the full carcinogenic potential of this organism.