Microgravity effects on the oogenesis and development of embryos of Drosophila melanogaster laid in the Spaceshuttle during the Biorack experiment (ESA).
Microgravity effects on the oogenesis and development of embryos of Drosophila melanogaster laid in the Spaceshuttle during the Biorack experiment (ESA).
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Biorack 实验 (ESA) 期间，微重力对放置在航天飞机中的黑腹果蝇胚胎的卵子发生和发育的影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
R. Marco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Vernos;J. González;M. Calleja;R. Marco
1985年11月初，在挑战者号航天飞机最后一次成功飞行期间获得的结果表明，在没有重力的情况下，黑腹果蝇的卵子发生和胚胎发育发生了改变。在为期7天的D-1任务中，240只雌性和90只雄性野生型俄勒冈R黑腹果蝇被送入航天飞机，并在太空飞行中回收并研究了胚胎。尽管在整个飞行过程中，在23 +/- 2小时的收集周期内，一些卵发育为正常的1龄幼虫，许多卵发育为后期胚胎，但与平行地面和飞行中的离心对照相比，我们观察到几个有趣的差异：1)卵母细胞的数量和大小都有所增加。2)微重力条件下，从胚皮中孵化出的幼虫数量显著减少。3)大多数胚胎在发育后期正常受精，除了在微重力下的太空飞行容器中，有一定比例的早期胚胎被恢复，显示蛋黄沉积的改变。4)与这些结果相一致的是，从太空中回收的活胚胎中至少有25%未能发育成成人。5)对幼虫和晚期胚胎角质层的研究表明，这些动物的前部、头部和胸部区域存在变化。经受过微重力环境并在飞行结束时从航天飞机上回收的胚胎和幼虫发育成成虫的时间有所延迟。在任何实验条件下，通过后代一代的雄性与雌性比例测量，都没有发现显著的致死突变积累。似乎黑腹果蝇能够感知并对失重做出反应，即使在很短的太空飞行中也能改变几个发育过程。结果表明干扰分布和/或沉积的母体成分参与胚胎的前后轴的规格。
The results obtained during the last successful flight of the Challenger Shuttle, in early November 1985, indicate that oogenesis and embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster are altered in the absence of gravity. Two hundred forty females and ninety males, wild type Oregon R Drosophila melanogaster flies were flown in the Spaceshuttle during the 7-day D-1 mission and the embryos laid during the spaceflight were recovered and studied. Although some eggs developed into normal 1st instar larvae and many into late embryos in the 23 +/- 2 h collection periods throughout the flight, several interesting differences from the parallel ground and in-flight centrifuge controls were observed: 1) There was an increase in oocyte production and size. 2) There was a significant decrease in the number of larvae hatched from the embryonic cuticles in microgravity. 3) The majority of embryos were normally fertilized and at late stages of development, except in the space-flown containers in microgravity where a percentage of earlier stage embryos were recovered showing alterations in the deposition of yolk. 4) In correspondence with these results, at least 25% of the living embryos recovered from space failed to develop into adults. 5) Studies of the larval cuticles and those of the late embryos indicate the existence of alterations in the anterior, head and thoracic regions of the animals. 6) There was a delay in the development into adults of the embryos and larvae that had been subjected to microgravity and recovered from the space shuttle at the end of the flight. No significant accumulation of lethal mutations in any of the experimental conditions was detected as measured through the male to female ratio in the descendant generation. It seems that Drosophila melanogaster flies are able to sense and respond to the absence of gravity, changing several developmental processes even in very short space flights. The results suggest an interference with the distribution and/or deposition of the maternal components involved in the specification of the anterioposterior axis of the embryo.