Protective neuroendocrine effects of environmental enrichment and voluntary exercise against social isolation: evidence for mediation by limbic structures.
Protective neuroendocrine effects of environmental enrichment and voluntary exercise against social isolation: evidence for mediation by limbic structures.
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环境丰富和自愿锻炼对社会孤立的保护性神经内分泌作用：边缘结构调节的证据。
DOI：
10.1080/10253890.2019.1617691
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Grippo,AngelaJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Watanasriyakul,WTang;Normann,MarignyC;Akinbo,OreoluwaI;Colburn,William;Dagner,Ashley;Grippo,AngelaJ
先前的研究表明，孤独和社交孤立可能会导致行为障碍和神经生物学功能障碍。环境丰富(EE)，包括认知和身体刺激，可能会预防社会孤立带来的一些行为、内分泌和心血管后果；然而，这些好处的具体神经机制仍不清楚。因此，这项研究考察了EE和运动对神经内分泌的潜在保护作用。成年雌性草原田鼠被随机分配到四种实验条件之一：配对控制、社会隔离/久坐、社会隔离/EE和社会隔离/自愿锻炼。所有隔离的动物都被单独饲养了8周，而成对的动物与它们各自的兄弟姐妹一起居住了8周。在隔离期的第4周，EE和自愿锻炼条件下的动物分别只接受EE物品(包括一个跑轮)和一个跑轮。实验结束时，从所有动物的血浆和脑中收集皮质酮、FosB和增量FosB(FosB/ΔFosB)-应激相关脑区的免疫反应性。总体而言，与配对的动物相比，社会隔离增加了神经内分泌应激反应，表现为皮质酮水平的升高和杏仁基底外侧核FosB/ΔFosB免疫反应的增加；EE和自愿锻炼减弱了这些增加。与其他条件相比，EE和运动也增加了内侧前额叶皮质FosB/ΔFosB免疫反应性。边缘结构统计地介导了EE和运动动物下丘脑的免疫反应。这项研究通过告知我们对社交压力潜在反应的神经机制的理解，对社交孤立的个体具有翻译价值。亮点延长的社交隔离增加了基础皮质酮水平和杏仁基底外侧核的免疫反应。环境丰富和锻炼缓冲了皮质酮的升高和基底外侧杏仁核的过度活动。环境丰富和锻炼的保护作用可能是通过内侧前额皮质和边缘结构来调节的。
Previous research indicates that loneliness and social isolation may contribute to behavioral disorders and neurobiological dysfunction. Environmental enrichment (EE), including both cognitive and physical stimulation, may prevent some behavioral, endocrine, and cardiovascular consequences of social isolation; however, specific neural mechanisms for these benefits are still unclear. Therefore, this study examined potential neuroendocrine protective effects of both EE and exercise. Adult female prairie voles were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: paired control, social isolation/sedentary, social isolation/EE, and social isolation/voluntary exercise. All isolated animals were housed individually for 8 weeks, while paired animals were housed with their respective sibling for 8 weeks. Animals in the EE and voluntary exercise conditions received EE items (including a running wheel) and a running wheel only, respectively, at week 4 of the isolation period. At the end of the experiment, plasma and brains were collected from all animals for corticosterone and FosB and delta FosB (FosB/ΔFosB) – immunoreactivity in stress-related brain regions. Overall, social isolation increased neuroendocrine stress responses, as reflected by the elevation of corticosterone levels and increased FosB/ΔFosB-immunoreactivity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) compared to paired animals; EE and voluntary exercise attenuated these increases. EE and exercise also increased FosB/ΔFosB-immunoreactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) compared to other conditions. Limbic structures statistically mediated hypothalamic immunoreactivity in EE and exercise animals. This research has translational value for socially isolated individuals by informing our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying responses to social stressors.HighlightsProlonged social isolation increased basal corticosterone levels and basolateral amygdala immunoreactivity.Environmental enrichment and exercise buffered corticosterone elevations and basolateral amygdala hyperactivity.Protective effects of environmental enrichment and exercise may be mediated by medial prefrontal cortex and limbic structures.