Diversity and systematics of the important macrofungi in Chinese forests.
Diversity and systematics of the important macrofungi in Chinese forests.
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DOI：
10.13346/j.mycosystema.210036
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Si, Jing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dai, Yu-Cheng;Yang, Zhu-Liang;Si, Jing
大型真菌是森林生态系统的重要组成部分，由担子菌门的大部分成员和子囊菌门的部分成员组成，具有重要的经济价值和生态功能。近30年来，对我国几乎所有的森林类型进行了广泛的野外调查，共采集标本11.2万份。通过形态学观察、系统发育分析，并结合生态学、地理学等研究方法，鉴定出白盘菌门和子囊菌门21目4250种，其中包括2个新科、4个新亚科、69个新属和885个新种。云南省是中国大型真菌多样性最丰富的省区，共记录314个新种，占中国大型真菌新种的35%。我们的研究为加深对全球大型真菌多样性的认识做出了贡献。对一些重要的中药用真菌进行了名称订正，揭示了中国毒蘑菇的多样性特征，确定了致木腐的病原菌种类。这些数据提高了我们对自然资源利用和森林健康保护的认识。根据分子生物学证据，对森林真菌代表性属或种复合体的起源进行了推断，并对它们的分布和物种形成进行了讨论，以期为今后大型真菌科、目、纲水平的进化研究提供资料。
Macrofungi, as an important component in forest ecosystems, consist of most members of Basidiomycota and some members of Ascomycota, having important economical value and ecological functions. Extensive field investigations have been carried out in almost whole types of the Chinese forests during the past 30 years, and 112 000 specimens were collected. Based on morphological examination and phylogenetic analyses in combination with ecology and biogeography, 4 250 species belonging to 21 orders in Baidiomycota and Ascomycota were identified, including two new families, four new subfamilies, 69 new genera and 885 new species. Yunnan Province is the richest in macrofungal diversity among provinces or regions in China, and 314 new species were described from this province, accounting for 35% of all the new species described from China by the authors. Our studies have made contributions to deepening the understanding of global diversity of macrofungi. The names of some important Chinese medicinal fungi were revised, the diversity characteristics of Chinese poisonous mushrooms were revealed, and the pathogenetic wood-decaying species were ascertained. These data improved our knowledge on utilization of natural resources and protection of forest health. Based on molecular evidences, the origin of some forest representative fungal genera or species complex were deduced, and their dispersal and speciation were discussed, for the purposes of providing some data for evolutionary study at level of family, order or class of macrofungi henceforth.