Trimodal nanoelectrode array for precise deep brain stimulation: prospects of a new technology based on carbon nanofiber arrays.
Trimodal nanoelectrode array for precise deep brain stimulation: prospects of a new technology based on carbon nanofiber arrays.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-211-33081-4_62
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发表时间：
2007
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Li;R. Andrews
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作者：
J. Li;R. Andrews
尽管脑深部电刺激（DBS）最近被证明对帕金森病等神经系统疾病有效，但目前的技术存在许多局限性：电流微电极尺寸过大（直径约1 mm）;缺乏对局部脑电活动和神经递质的监测（例如，帕金森氏病中的多巴胺）;刺激的开环性质（即，不受脑电化学活动的引导）。将监测电极和刺激电极的尺寸减小几个数量级（到神经元件的尺寸）允许在监测（空间分辨率、时间分辨率和灵敏度）和刺激方面的显著改进。碳纳米电极技术提供了三模式阵列（监测电活动，监测神经递质水平，精确刺激）的可能性。然后，DBS可以通过脑电活动和/或神经递质水平的变化来引导（即闭环DBS）。在这里，我们描述了DBS的原型纳米电极阵列的基本制造和电气特性，以及优化DBSin体内所需的聚合物的初步研究。这里描述的纳米电极阵列等方法可以提供用于各种神经假体的通用电神经接口。
Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) has recently been shown to be effective for neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, there are many limitations of the current technology: the large size of current microelectrodes (∼1mm diameter); the lack of monitoring of local brain electrical activity and neurotransmitters (e.g. dopamine in Parkinson’s disease); the open-loop nature of the stimulation (i.e. not guided by brain electrochemical activity). Reducing the size of the monitoring and stimulating electrodes by orders of magnitude (to the size of neural elements) allows remarkable improvements in both monitoring (spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and sensitivity) and stimulation. Carbon nanofiber nanoelectrode technology offers the possibility of trimodal arrays (monitoring electrical activity, monitoring neurotransmitter levels, precise stimulation). DBS can then be guided by changes in brain electrical activity and/or neurotransmitter levels (i.e. closed-loop DBS). Here, we describe the basic manufacture and electrical characteristics of a prototype nanoelectrode array for DBS, as well as preliminary studies with electroconductive polymers necessary to optimize DBSin vivo. An approach such as the nanoelectrode array described here may offer a generic electrical-neural interface for use in various neural prostheses.