Fragmentation disrupts microbial effects on native plant community productivity
Fragmentation disrupts microbial effects on native plant community productivity
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.14097
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
K. Kiesewetter;Leydiana Otano;Michelle E. Afkhami
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Kiesewetter;Leydiana Otano;Michelle E. Afkhami
人为生境碎片化--自然景观的破坏--是对全世界生物多样性和生态系统功能的普遍威胁。碎片化导致残存的原生栖息地斑块镶嵌在人为修改的栖息地中，称为“基质”。通过在基质生境中引入新的环境条件并减少原生生境的连通性，碎片化可以极大地改变生物体验其环境的方式。碎片化的影响在城市景观中尤其重要，因为城市景观正在全球范围内扩张。尽管这种威胁激增，微生物群对生态系统服务的重要性，但我们对碎片化如何影响微生物群知道得很少，更不知道它们对城市景观中植物-微生物相互作用的后果。通过结合实地调查、微生物组测序和实验中观群落，我们(1)调查了15个本地松树落地碎片和邻近的城市基质生境之间的微生物群落多样性、组成和功能分布的差异，(2)确定了生境属性，解释了与城市基质相比本地核心生境微生物多样性的显著差异，(3)测试了城市化和低连接性微生物群落的变化如何影响植物群落生产力。我们发现，城市和本地的微生物群落在多样性、组成和功能方面有很大的不同，与本地生境相比，城市基质中的共生真菌减少了81%，病原菌增加了327%。此外，随着原生生境变得越来越孤立，真菌多样性迅速下降，整个景观中约50%的变化仅由生境连通性来解释。有趣的是，来自原生生境的微生物群使植物生产力提高了约300%，而城市基质微生物群没有影响，这表明城市化可能会分离有益的植物-微生物相互作用。此外，原生生境中的微生物多样性解释了植物群落生产力的显著差异，更高的生产力与更多联系在一起的更大片段中的更多样化的微生物群有关。综合。综上所述，我们的研究不仅证明了城市基质中微生物多样性、组成和功能的显著变化，而且支持栖息地碎片化的两个方面--引入新的城市基质和生境连通性降低--破坏了微生物对植物群落生产力的影响，强调了本地微生物群落的保护对于残留物碎片生产力的关键。
Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation—the breaking up of natural landscapes—is a pervasive threat to biodiversity and ecosystem function world‐wide. Fragmentation results in a mosaic of remnant native habitat patches embedded in human‐modified habitat known as the ‘matrix’. By introducing novel environmental conditions in matrix habitats and reducing connectivity of native habitats, fragmentation can dramatically change how organisms experience their environment. The effects of fragmentation can be especially important in urban landscapes, which are expanding across the globe. Despite this surging threat and the importance of microbiomes for ecosystem services, we know very little about how fragmentation affects microbiomes and even less about their consequences for plant–microbe interactions in urban landscapes. By combining field surveys, microbiome sequencing and experimental mesocosms, we (1) investigated how microbial community diversity, composition and functional profiles differed between 15 native pine rockland fragments and the adjacent urban matrix habitat, (2) identified habitat attributes that explained significant variation in microbial diversity of native core habitat compared to urban matrix and (3) tested how changes in urbanized and low connectivity microbiomes affected plant community productivity. We found urban and native microbiomes differed substantively in diversity, composition and functional profiles, including symbiotic fungi decreasing 81% and pathogens increasing 327% in the urban matrix compared to native habitat. Furthermore, fungal diversity rapidly declined as native habitats became increasingly isolated, with ~50% of variation across the landscape explained by habitat connectivity alone. Interestingly, microbiomes from native habitats increased plant productivity by ~300% while urban matrix microbiomes had no effect, suggesting that urbanization may decouple beneficial plant–microbe interactions. In addition, microbial diversity within native habitats explained significant variation in plant community productivity, with higher productivity linked to more diverse microbiomes from more connected, larger fragments. Synthesis. Taken together, our study not only documents significant changes in microbial diversity, composition and functions in the urban matrix, but also supports that two aspects of habitat fragmentation—the introduction of a novel urban matrix and reduced habitat connectivity—disrupt microbial effects on plant community productivity, highlighting preservation of native microbiomes as critical for productivity in remnant fragments.